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Regis College Year 2 > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are the microbial categories?

A

Normal flora, pathological flora, potentially pathogenistic, non-pathogenistic, opportunistic infection

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2
Q

Normal flora

A

Microbes normally inhabiting the body

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3
Q

Pathological flora

A

Microbes that will cause disease

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4
Q

Opportunistic infection

A

Accumulation of normally non pathogenic microbes
- proliferate due to lack of inhibition or growth opportunities
-overuse of antibiotics

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5
Q

What are the infectious agents

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungus

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6
Q

Bacteria

A

Small microorganisms
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- streptococcus species
- staphylococcus infections

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7
Q

Viruses

A

Smaller than bacteria, reproduce only in living host
- hep: A, B, C, D and E
- herpes simplex types I&ll
- cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- HIV (AIDS)

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8
Q

Fungus

A

Require a carbon source

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9
Q

Transmission routes

A

Saliva, blood, respiratory system droplets, tears, vomitus

Others non dental: vaginal secretions, urine, semen, cerebral spinal fluid, breast milk

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10
Q

Indirect transmission routes

A

Airborn: coughing, sneezing, spatter, aerosol-generating procedures I droplets
Formites: dental instruments contaminated charts, telephones, pencils, gloves, books, food
Vectors: an organism lex: mosquito, flea, tick) which carries disease- causing microorganisms from one host to another

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11
Q

Health care workers (hcw) at greater risk

A

Due to increased exposure to potential pathogens, blood borne, air borne
Patients look healthy
- may be infectious, not even know it
-Do not trust appearances

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12
Q

Viral hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by viruses
Viruses
-HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV
Acute hepatitis can lead to liver failure
Chronic hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and increased liver cancer risk

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13
Q

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

A

-MRSA (staph)
- s. Aureus normal on human skin
- can cause infection
- transmission: direct/ indirect, hospitals/ institutions
- resistant to broad spectrum antibodies
- person can be carriers (not knowing, get it more)
- can be fatal

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14
Q

MRSA risk factors

A
  • age or weakened immune system
  • participating in contact sports or sharing equipment
  • crowded or unsanitary conditions
  • associated w/ healthcare workers
  • recent hospital stay or long term care facility
    -Invasive devices
  • recent antibiotic use
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15
Q

MRSA prevention

A

Wash hands, keep wounds covered, keep personal items personal, sanitize lines, get tested, use antibiotics appropriately

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16
Q

Human herpesvirus diseases

A

Primary infection
Latent infection
Recurrent infections

Commonly called genital herpes
Neonatal is serious dan cause
- delayed mental dvlpmnt
-Blindness
- neurologic problems
- death if infected during childbirth

Antiviral therapy

17
Q

Primary infection

A

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
- affects 50% to 90% of people worldwide

18
Q

Latent Infection

A

Occurs in trigeminal nerve

19
Q

Recurrent infections

A

Manifest as herpes labialis herpetic whitlow, ocular/ ophthalmic herpes

Delay dental treatment till crusted over

20
Q

HIV/AIDS infection

A

-HIV attacks t-cells, weakens immune system
-Opportunistic infection (ols) take advantage of weekend system (last stage of HIV infections: AIDS )
- transmission ( parenteral - med route, sexual)

21
Q

HIV testing for diagnosis and infection staging

A
  • Lab testing
  • self-administered HIV testing
  • t-cell counts and viral load counts
    stage 1: adult HIV infection
    Stage 2: clinical latency
    Stage 3: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
22
Q

Prevention and treatment of HIV infection

A
  • No vaccine; focus is on prevention
  • dental personnel role is prevention
  • medications require strict regime and compliance can be problematic
  • use of medications can lead to undetectable viral levels and therefore, no risk of transmission
23
Q

Dental hygiene management

A

DH may be first to suspect HIV infection
ADA protection and DH’s ethical and legal obligation to treat
Avoid language judging hiv-positive patient based on
- sexual orientation
- gender identity
-Sexual and or drug behaviors
Other medical/social behaviors

24
Q

Dental hygiene management

A

DH may be first to suspect HIV infection
ADA protection and DH’s ethical and legal obligation to treat
Avoid language judging hiv-positive patient based on
- sexual orientation
- gender identity
-Sexual and or drug behaviors
Other medical/social behaviors

Regis College Year 2 (8 decks)

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