Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Theory and Principles of Respiratory Care > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Infection Control

A

-Procedures that decrease the spread of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Health-care associated infection (HAIs)

A

aka nosocomial infection acquired during delivery of care in a healthcare setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Infection Control aims to:

A

-Eliminate source of infection agents

-Create Barriers of transmission

-monitor and evaluate effectiveness of control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

-For transmission of infection- 3 conditions necessary

A

Source
Susceptible Host: Portal of entry
Route or mode of Transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Source of Infection

A

-Humans, equipment, linens, bedside tables, or any inanimate objects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Susceptible Host:

A

-Person who is exposed to an infection and becomes an asymptomatic carrier or develops the disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Route or mode of Transmission:

A

Categorized as Contact or noncontact.
-Contact (Directly or indirectly)

	-Droplets (respiratory droplets)

	-Airborne

	-Vehicle (Transmitted by food)

	-Vector borne (Insects)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Direct:

A

When a pathogen is transmitted directly from one person to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

-Indirect:

A
  • More common than direct-Through an inanimate object or another person-Unwashed hands-Examples, MRSA, Scabies, VRE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Droplet Transmission

A

-Droplets from airways larger than 5UM and usually within 3 feet (Do not stay suspended in air)

-Coughing, sneezing, talking, and other respiratory procedures

-These Droplets do not remain suspended in the air and cannot be cleared with a ventilation system

-Extra precautions are wearing a mask

-Examples of droplet transmitted diseases are influenza, and rubella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Airborne Transmission

A

-Spread of evaporated droplets nuclei smaller than 5UMs which contain infectious microorganisms.

-Stay suspended in the air for long periods at a time

-Require special handling through air filtration and ventilation

-Needs use national institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH) approved N-95 mask or PAPR

-Examples of airborne transmitted diseases are (MTV) Measles, Tuberculosis, and Varicella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Other Transmissions

A

-Vehicle: Transmitted through contaminated food and water, and medications. Example would be salmonella.

Vector Borne: Microorganisms transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes, flies, incests, or vermin. Example would be Lyme disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Strategies for infection control

A

-Decreasing host susceptibility

-vaccinations

	Hep B vaccination, varicella, rubella, measles, influenza vaccine, pertussis

-Antimicrobial agents and antiseptics ( Hand sanitizer)

-Post Exposure chemoprophylaxis (medication after exposure to:)

Whopping cough, meningococcal meningitis anthrax, influenza virus, HIV, group A streptococci
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

General sanitation measures

A

-Sanitary laundry management, food prep, and housekeeping

-Specialized equipment processing

-Interrupting Routes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

-Specialized equipment processing

A

-Baterical: Kills bacteria

-Bacteriostatic, inhibits growth of bacteria

-Sporicidal, Distroies spores

-Virucidal, Destroy Viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

-Interrupting Routes

A

-Specialized equipment handling

-Barrier/ Isolation precautions

-Single patient use: disposable equipment
17
Q

-Disinfection and Sterilization “Cleaning”

A

-Cleaning: Removes gross contaminations such as dirt, organic material, secretions, or other visible materials from the surface, 1st step of any equipment

-Should be done in dirty utility room area

-Disassemble equipment and check for worn parts

-If not immersed in water, wipe with 70% ethyl alcohol

-Dry Completely

-Move to clean area to reassemble
18
Q

-Disinfection and Sterilization “Disinfection”

A

-Destroy vegetative from bacteria and most viruses, including HIV

	-Does not kill spores
19
Q

-Pasteurization

A

-most common

		-Application of moist heat at temp below boiling

		-Immerse in water bath at 70*C for more than 30 minutes

		-Filtered Dryers help prevent recontamination.
20
Q

-Chemical Disinfection

A

-Alcohol, bleach, chlorine, glutaraldehyde, iodophors, phenolics, ammonic compounds, acetic acid. Peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide

21
Q

-Glutaraldehyde

A

-Otherwise known as Cidex

		-Broad spectrum (Of what it can kill)

		-Does not damage metal, lenses, rubber, or plastic

		-Can disinfect in 20 minute and sterilize in 6-10 hours

		-Can be reused for 14-30 days after mixed

		-Must rinse with sterile water after soaking
22
Q

-Sterilization

A

-Complete destruction of all forms of microbial life

-Two Types , physical and chemical

23
Q

-Physical methods of Sterilization

A

-Steam

		-Autoclaving: Steam under pressure

		-easiest and most efficient

		-Is PSI at 121*C

		-Not recommended for heat sensitive equipment

	-Incineration

	-Boiling

-Ionizing Radiation

24
Q

-Chemical Methodof Sterilization

A

-Ethylene Oxide (ETO)

					-Colorless, dry, toxic gas

					-Harmless to rubber and plastic

					-Active at ambient temps

					-combines with water to form ethylene glycol (BAD)

					-Biologic indicator tape like agent used to verify conditions met
25
Q

-Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A

-Gloves

	-Sterile whenever performing invasive procedures

	-Changed between patients (and after any direct contact with infected material.)

	-Wash hand before and after removing gloves.

	-WEARING GLOVES IS NEVER A SUBSTITUTE FOR WASHING HANDS

-Mask, Face shields, goggles

-Gowns, aprons hair coverings, shoe coverings
26
Q

-Standard Precautions

A

Universal precautions and body substance isolation

-Blood, all body fluids, secretions, and excreations (except sweat) , Non-intact skin, and mucus membranes.

-Hand hygiene, after touching bodily fluids, between patients, after removing gloves

-Wear gloves when touching patients/ Contaminated items and surfaces

-Mask, eye protection, face shields, during procedures that are likely to generate splashes or sprays of body fluid or blood

-Gowns, to prevent soiling of clothing during procedures that may generate splashes or sprays of body fluid or blood.
27
Q

-Contact Procedures

A

-Reduce transmission by direct or indirect

-Separation of more than 3 feet between infected/ colonized patient in multi patient rooms, single patient rooms are preferred

-Gowns and gloves for all interactions that may involve contact with the patient or contaminated area

-Examples include MRSA,VRE, herpes simplex, herpes zoster

-Contact precautions PLUS is used with clostridium difficile(C-DIFF) and includes hand washing, not alcohol based rubs.
28
Q

-Droplet Precautions

A

-Addition of mask (As well as other contact procedures items gloves, gowns, ect.)

-Single patient rooms is preferred

-Examples include, influenza, meningococcal disease, diphtheria, rubella, mumps, ect.
29
Q

Airborne Precautions

A

-N-95 mask or higher respirator

-Private rooms with negative air pressure with at least 6 to 12 air exchange per hour, and the door must remain closed

-Examples include, tuberculosis, smallpox, measles, SARs

30
Q

Hand Hygiene

A

The single most important part of standard precautions and in the reduction of transmitting of microorganisms

-Importance cannot be stressed enough

-Handwashing with soap and water for 15-20 seconds

-Use alcohol based products , preferred over soap and water in the absence of visible soilings , except when dealing with C-Diff

-Through wetting hands, then adding soap

-Washing around the wrist and forearms

-Washing between fingers and in the back of hands

-Scrubbing palms

-Washing around cuticles and nails

-Rinsing

-Drying hands with clean towel

-Turning off water (with towel)

-Always done before and after each patient.

31
Q

Respiratory Equipment handling -Large volume nebulizers

A

-Worst offender of spreading pathogens

	-Moist Environments are easily contaminated

	-Minimize infection risk (Label and date equipment)

		-Filled with sterile water

		-Condensate drained away from patient
32
Q

Respiratory Equipment handling-Small Volume nebulizers

A

-Can produce bacterial aerosol

	-Minimize infection risk (label/date)

		-Single patient use

		-Use only sterile fluids for nebulization/ use aseptic to fill
33
Q

Respiratory Equipment handling -Ventilator and Ventilator circuits

A

-HEPA (high Efficiency Particulate air/ aerosols) filters

	-Inline suction catheters

	-Minimize risk

		-Drain condensate away from Patient

		-Use sterile water in humidifiers

		-Change HME’s when observed evidence of gross contamination

	-Use single patient use supplies instead of cleaning

Theory and Principles of Respiratory Care (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions