Infection Control

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system of body

Question 2

what are diseases caused by?

Answer 2

microorganisms

Question 3

infection

Answer 3

establishment or growth of a microorganism on or in a host, resulting in injury to the host

Question 4

what are infections caused by?

Answer 4

pathogenic organisms

Question 5

4 types of pathogens:

Answer 5

bacteria
viruses
fungi
parasitic protozoa

Question 6

3 functions of pathogens

Answer 6

Multiply and cause an obstruction
Cause tissue damage
Secrete exotoxins

Question 7

bacteria

Answer 7

microscopic, single celled organisms

lack nuclei and membrane-bound organelles

contains DNA and RNA

produces endospores

Question 8

common bacterial infections today:

Answer 8

streptococcal infection (strep throat)
bacterial pneumonia
tuberculosis
food poisoning
salmonella

Question 9

viruses

Answer 9

microscopic, single cells

lack components for own survival

carry own DNA and RNA but not both

redirects host cell to produce new viruses

Question 10

Can you treat viruses with antibiotics?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

common viral infections:

Answer 11

common cold
infectious mononucleosis
herpes simplex
papillomavirus

Question 12

fungi

Answer 12

eukaryotic (has nucleus and membrane-bound organelles)

much larger than bacteria

medically important fungi are called dimorphic

2 forms

Question 13

2 types of fungi

Answer 13

yeast
mold

Question 14

common fungal infections

Answer 14

athlete’s foot
ringworm
tinea nigra

Question 15

parasitic protozoa

Answer 15

organisms are neither plant nor animal

larger than bacteria

eukaryotic

live on or in other organisms at expense of host

Question 16

common parasitic infections

Answer 16

pinworms
tapeworms
malaria
trichomonas vaginalis

Question 17

stages of infectious disease

Answer 17

encounter (comes in contact)

entry (access to organism)

spread (propagation of infectious organism)

multiplication (growth in microbe numbers)

damage (tissue and cell death)

outcome (1. host gains control 2. infectious agent overcomes immunities 3. host and infectious agent compromise)

Question 18

routes for disease transmission

Answer 18

air
droplet
contact
exogenous or endogenous
vector vs. fomite

Question 19

stages of chain of infection

Answer 19

host
infectious microorganism
mode of transportation
reservoir

Question 20

define vector

Answer 20

any organism that carries and transmits an infectious agent into another organism

Question 21

define fomite

Answer 21

a non-living object that transmits disease-causing pathogens

Question 22

What is nosocomial/hospital acquired infection?

Answer 22

healthcare-associated infections acquired during the process of receiving health care that wasn’t present during admission

Question 23

What are the factors that encourage nosocomial infections?

Answer 23

age
heredity
nutritional status
stress
inadequate rest or exercise
personal choice habits
health history
inadequate defenses

Question 24

standard precautions

Answer 24

hand washing
gloving
needle recapping
PPE
biospills

Question 25

airborne (transmitted through airflow) precautions

Answer 25

PPE (gloves, mask, gown)

Question 26

droplet (transmitted through air droplets when coughing, sneezing, etc.) precautions

Answer 26

standard precautions
PPE (masks)

Question 27

Blood-borne pathogens

Answer 27

disease causing microorganisms in the human blood (nosocomial)

2 types: HIV and HBV

Question 28

Exotoxins can produce certain side effects:

Answer 28

High temperatures
Nausea
Vomiting
Seizures