infection control Flashcards
non-pathogenic
doesn’t produce disease
pathogenic
causes infection and disease
aerobic
requires oxygen to live
anaerobic
doesn’t require oxygen to live
bacteria, protozoa, fungi, rickettsiae, viruses, helminths
6 classes of microorganisms
often considered cause of disease, some develop resistance to certain antibodies, they can be very difficult to cure,
bacteria
produce antibodies, live in body w/o problems, help break down dead organic matter, live on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a usable form.
some bacteria
one-celled, animal like organism, contains nucleus and other defined organelles,
protozoa
usually symbiotic, sometimes parasitic relationship, provide lots of drugs and food, bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer, cause lots of plants/animal disease, can be very difficult to treat.
fungi
rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria, live in tissues of ticks, fleas, and lice, transmitted to humans through bites, invade new host from within.
rickettsiae
small, infectious agent, require host, over 5,000 types, combine in multiple ways to produce disease, produces immune response in humans, treated with antiviral drugs.
virus
HIV, Hepatitis B, Ebola, Adenovirus, Influenza, Bacteriophage.
types of viruses
parasitic worm-like organisms, live inside host, feed off host, disrupt nutrient absorption, lead to weakness, excrete toxins, making host susceptible to other disease.
helminths
infection, local infection, systematic infection, endogenous, exogenous, nosocomial, opportunistic
types of infection
invasion of body by microorganisms
infection
uses host’s resources to multiply, interfere with normal function,
invading microorganisms
only specific portion of body is infected (pain, redness, heat, swelling, pus)
local infection
affects entire body (fever, aches, chills, nausea, vomit, weakness)
systematic infection
type of infection or disease that originates within body
endogenous
type of infection or disease that originates outside the body
exogenous
hospital acquired infection, transmitted by health care worker
nosocomial infection
occurs when body’s defenses are weakened
opportunistic infection
any sign of infection must be…
reported to health care provider
direct contact, indirect contact, airborne, vector borne (what type of infection)
transmitting infection
person to person, animal to person, mother to unborn child (how the virus is passed)
direct contact
pathogens are passed along inanimate objects
indirect contact
pathogens are carried through air, cling to surroundings and are spread
airborne
insects carry pathogens from host to host (how disease is spread)
vector-borne
pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, portal of entry, mode of transmission, susceptible host. (ways to get _________)
an infection
susceptible host (is the…)
next sick person
germs (are the _____ to spread disease)
agent
where germs live
reservior
how germs get in
portal of entry
how germs get around
mode of transmission
how germs get out
portal of exit
pathogen (virus, bacteria, parasites)
causative agent
area where the pathogen can live (people, animal, food, water, soil)
reservoir
way for the pathogen to escape from the reservoir (mouth, breaks in skin, stool)
portal of exit
way for pathogen to be transmitted (hands, toys, sneezing, coughing)
mode of transmission
way to enter new reservoir (mouth, cuts in skin, eyes)
portal of entry
able to be affected, person likely to get sick (anyone)
susceptible host
standard precautions to help prevent getting sick
wash hands, wear mask, wear gloves, wear gown, wear eye protection
PPE
personal protective equipment
fine for recapped needles from OSHA
$7,000
BBP
blood-borne pathogen
spread through fecal-oral contact (hep. __ & __)
Hep. A & E
not in US due to our sanitation standards (hep. __)
Hep. E
spread through blood, bodily fluid (hep. __, __, __)
Hep. B, C, D
defective virus, must have Hep. B to exist (hep. __)
Hep. D
HIV (stands for…)
human immunodeficiency virus
leads to AIDS, destroys immune system
HIV
requires FIT tested and training in use of specific respiratory PPE, skin tests annually
tuberculosis
airborne precautions
fitted mask (N95)
contact precautions
gloves, gown
MTV (measles, TB, varicella) (type of spread)
airborne
MRS.WEE (Multi-drug resistant organism, Respiratory infection, Skin infection, Wound infection, Enteric, Eye infection)
contact
droplet precautions
mask if working within 6 feet
SPIDERMAN (Sepsis, Paravovirus B19, Influenza, Diptheria, Epiglottitis, Rubella, Mumps, Adenovirus)
droplet
most effective and least expensive to prevent disease
vaccinations
antisepsis, disinfection, sterilization
aseptic control
effective in preventing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic organisms, but not spores or viruses, safe to be used on skin
antisepsis
destroys pathogenic organisms that are already present, not effective against spores or viruses, chemicals used are 10% bleach solution 90% water – newly made every 24 hours, not used on skin
disinfection
kills all microorganisms, including spores and viruses (steam under pressure, gas, radiation, chemicals)
sterilization
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet
SDS
Safety Data Sheet
what tells you which chemicals you may come into contact within a hospital or other facility?
MSDS/SDS
HIPAA
Health, Insurance, Portability, Accountability, Act
privacy law; protects your private health information
HIPAA
