Infection and Response Flashcards
what is pathogen
a microorganism that cause infectious disease
how can pathogens be transmitted through water
drinking, bathing in dirty water
how can pathogens be transmitted through air
carried in the air in droplets when infectious person sneezes or coughs
how can pathogens be transmitted through direct contact
touching contaminated surfaces including skin
how to reduce the impact of disease
be hygienic
destroy vectors
vaccination
isolating
how do viruses cause harm
live and reproduce in cells, causing cell damage
tell me about viruses
not classes as cells
not classed as living
require other cells to host them
1/100 the size of a bacterium
give examples of viruses
measles
HIV
TMV (tobacco mosaic virus)
measles
spread through air in droplets
symptoms: skin rash & high fever
potential complications are brain infection and Pneumonia
HIV
spread through sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids
flu like symptoms
disease controlled by taking antirrtroviral drugs
targets immune system
TMV
plant virus, eg. tomato
mosaic pattern on leaves
leaves become discoloured
cannot carry out photosynthesis
How does bacteria cause harm
produces toxins that damage tissues and makes us feel ill
bacteria
prokaryotic
cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm
have free floating loop strand of dna
some contain plasmids
reproduce rapidly
food poisoning
because of salmonella bacteria
through direct contact - eating food contaminated with salmonella, eg, chicken
fever, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea
Gonorrhoea
sexually transmitted infection
pain when urinating
thick yellow discharge
how do fungi reproduce
using spores
what are protists
single called eukaryotes
define term vector
organism which transmits infectious disease without being infected itself
how can fungi be treated
using fungicide
fungi
cannot photosynthesise
body made of thread like structure (hyphae)
hyphae produces spores spread to animals and plants
rose black spot
fungal disease
black, purple spots develop on leaf
turn yellow and drop off
Lowe number of leaves, less photosynthesis being carried out
spread through wind and water
use fungicide to treat
protist
primarily unicellular eukaryotes
some protists are parasites
need to live in another organism in order to survive
transferred by vector
eg. mosquito
malaria
caused by plasmodium
takes place inside mosquito
mosquito live and breed near stagnant water
pick up protists when they feed in infected animals
feed off other animals, it infects them
bites human, injects protist in blood vessels, replicates and causes disease
fever, headaches, vomiting, anaemia
non-specific defence system
all types of pathogens are defended against in the same way - 1st line of defence
