Homeostasis Flashcards
1
Q
A
2
Q
What’s homeostasis
A
regulation of internal conditions in response to external and internal changes in order to maintain optimum
3
Q
what are three internal conditions the body must keep optimum
A
water levels
sugar levels
temperature
4
Q
what are the two control systems
A
nervous and endocrine systems
5
Q
what do all control systems have
A
receptors
coordination centres
effectors
6
Q
what is stimuli
A
change in the environment
7
Q
what is a receptor
A
detects stimuli
8
Q
where are receptors usually found
A
in sensory organs such as ears or mouth
9
Q
what is a coordination centre
A
receive information receptor and process stimuli
10
Q
give examples of coordination centres
A
brain
spinal cord
pancreas
11
Q
what is an effector
A
bring out a response to counteract change
12
Q
give examples of effectors
A
muscles
glands
13
Q
which control system involves electrical impulses and neurones
A
nervous system
14
Q
which control system involves hormones
A
endocrine system
15
Q
what is negative feedback mechanism
A
body makes changes to return the conditions in the body back to normal
16
Q
give an example of negative feedback mechanism
A
temperature gets too high
receptor detects change
body sweats
body’s temperature turns normal again
body stops sweating
17
Q
what is cns
A
central nervous system
18
Q
give examples of cns
A
brain
spinal cord
19
Q
what is pns
A
peripheral nervous system
20
Q
give examples of pns
A
peripheral nerves
spinal nerves
21
Q
how do electrical impulses travel
A
along neurones
22
Q
what are neurones
A
wire like cells
23
Q
what are the 3 type of neurones
A
sensory neurone
relay neurone
motor neurone
24
Q
where are each of the neurones found
A
sensory neurones- pns
relay neurone- cns
motor neurone- pns
25
what is the function of the sensory neurone
transmit electrical impulses from the receptors to the cns
26
what is the function of relay neurones
transmit electrical impulses from sensory neurone to motor neurone
27
what is the function of motor neurones
transmit electrical impulses from relay neurones to effectors
27
what is a synapse
a gap between two neurones
28
what does an electrical impulse do when it arrives at the end of one neurone
neurotransmitter diffuses into the synapse
neurotransmitter binds to receptors found on the beginning of the other neurone
this triggers an electrical signal in the other neurone
28
name 7 endocrine glands
hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries
testes
29
function of the hypothalamus
make hormones that control the pituitary gland
30
function of pituitary
the master gland which releases hormones that regulate many other endocrine gland
31
function of thyroid
releases the hormone thyroxine which regulates metabolism
32
function of adrenal
releases hormone adrenaline which helps body deal with stress
33
function of pancreas
releases insulin and glucagon which helps regulate blood glucose level
34
function of ovaries
releases hormones oestrogen
enables progressions through menstrual cycle
35
function of testes
release the hormone testosterone which is responsible for sperm production and secondary male sex characteristics
36
compare and contrast nervous response and hormonal response
both- enables body to respond to stimuli
nervous response- travel faster, involves electrical impulses, travel in neurones, precise (travels to specific muscle), short lived
hormonal response- slower, involves hormones, travels in blood, widespread (can cause side effects), long lasting
37
how do you increase blood glucose
glucagon
eating a lot of carbohydrates
38
how do you decrease blood glucose
insulin
respiration
exercising
39
what is glycogen
it is a polymer of glucose
it is insoluble (doesn't dissolve in blood
stores glucose in animals as glycogen
40
41
What is the primary purpose of contraceptive methods?
To prevent pregnancy.
42
True or False: Hormonal contraceptives can regulate menstrual cycles.
True.
43
Fill in the blank: Condoms are a type of ______ contraceptive method.
barrier.
44
Name one advantage of using condoms.
They provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
45
What hormone do combined oral contraceptives primarily contain?
Estrogen and progestin.
46
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a barrier method? A) Diaphragm B) IUD C) Condom D) Cervical cap
B) IUD.
47
True or False: The contraceptive implant is a long-term hormonal method.
True.
48
What is the effectiveness rate of the contraceptive pill when taken correctly?
Over 99%.
49
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a small device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.
IUD (intrauterine device).
50
Name one disadvantage of hormonal contraceptives.
Possible side effects like nausea or mood changes.
51
Multiple choice: Which method requires a prescription? A) Condom B) Spermicide C) Birth control pill D) Withdrawal method
C) Birth control pill.
52
True or False: Natural methods of contraception are based on tracking fertility cycles.
True.
53
What is the purpose of emergency contraception?
To prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse.
54
Fill in the blank: The ______ method involves withdrawing the penis before ejaculation.
withdrawal.
55
What is the primary mechanism of action for hormonal contraceptives?
They prevent ovulation.
56
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a permanent method of contraception? A) Vasectomy B) Condom C) Pill D) IUD
A) Vasectomy.
57
True or False: All contraceptive methods are 100% effective.
False.
58
What is the primary ingredient in spermicide?
Nonoxynol-9.
59
Fill in the blank: The ______ method involves tracking body temperature and cervical mucus.
fertility awareness.
60
Name one factor that can affect the choice of contraceptive method.
Personal health conditions.
61
Multiple choice: Which contraceptive method can also help with acne? A) IUD B) Contraceptive pill C) Condom D) Diaphragm
B) Contraceptive pill.
62
True or False: The patch is a form of hormonal contraception.
True.
63
What is the duration of effectiveness for the contraceptive implant?
Up to 3 years.
64
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a method that does not use any artificial devices or hormones.
natural family planning.
65
What is the main reason for the failure of contraceptive methods?
Improper use.
66
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a barrier method? A) Birth control pill B) Implant C) Diaphragm D) Patch
C) Diaphragm.
69
70
71
What is the primary function of contraceptive methods?
To prevent pregnancy.
72
True or False: Condoms are a barrier method of contraception.
True.
73
Name one advantage of using hormonal contraceptives.
They can regulate menstrual cycles.
74
What is a disadvantage of the contraceptive pill?
It may cause side effects such as nausea or headaches.
75
Fill in the blank: The __________ method involves tracking the menstrual cycle to avoid pregnancy.
rhythm
76
Which contraceptive method also protects against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Condoms.
77
True or False: The IUD is a permanent form of contraception.
False.
78
What is the main function of a diaphragm in contraception?
To block sperm from entering the uterus.
79
Name a hormonal contraceptive method.
The contraceptive pill.
80
What is a major disadvantage of using condoms?
They can break or slip off.
81
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a barrier method? A) Condom B) Diaphragm C) IUD D) Cervical cap
C) IUD.
82
What is the effectiveness rate of the contraceptive implant?
Over 99%.
83
True or False: Natural family planning requires no medical intervention.
True.
84
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a small device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.
IUD
85
What is a disadvantage of using the contraceptive injection?
It can cause weight gain.
86
Short answer: How often must the contraceptive patch be changed?
Weekly.
87
True or False: Emergency contraception can be used as a regular contraceptive method.
False.
88
What hormonal change does the contraceptive pill induce?
It prevents ovulation.
89
Name one advantage of using an IUD.
It provides long-term contraception.
90
Multiple choice: Which method is considered a permanent form of contraception? A) Vasectomy B) Condom C) Pill D) IUD
A) Vasectomy.
91
Fill in the blank: __________ contraception refers to methods that do not involve hormones.
Barrier
92
What is a disadvantage of using a diaphragm?
It requires proper placement and may not be used correctly.
93
True or False: All contraceptive methods are 100% effective.
False.
94
What is the primary mechanism of action for hormonal contraceptives?
They prevent ovulation.
95
Name a natural contraceptive method.
Withdrawal method.
96
What is a major advantage of using condoms?
They protect against STIs.
97
Short answer: How long can an IUD remain effective?
3 to 10 years, depending on the type.
98
True or False: The contraceptive ring is inserted into the vagina.
True.
99
What is the primary purpose of emergency contraception?
To prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse.
100
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a disadvantage of hormonal methods? A) Regular menstrual cycles B) Potential side effects C) 100% effectiveness D) STI protection
B) Potential side effects.
101
Fill in the blank: __________ is the surgical procedure for male sterilization.
Vasectomy
