Infection and Antibiotics Flashcards
What is an infection?
The invasion of the body by harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi.
What are the shapes of bacteria?
Cocci (round), Bacilli (rod), Spirilla (spiral).
What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?
Gram-positive have thick cell walls and are easier to treat. Gram-negative have thin cell walls and multiple outer membranes, making them harder to treat.
What is MRSA?
A type of bacteria resistant to several widely used antibiotics (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
What is sepsis?
A life-threatening reaction to infection where the immune system damages its own tissues and organs.
What are last-resort antibiotics?
Dalbavancin and colistin.
What is antibiotic resistance?
When bacteria change to resist the effects of antibiotics, making infections harder to treat.
What contributes to antibiotic resistance?
Overprescribing, incomplete courses, poor hygiene, livestock antibiotics, and lack of new drugs.
What is antibiotic stewardship?
A strategy to optimise antibiotic use and reduce resistance through education and monitoring.
What is the “Start Smart Then Focus” campaign?
An NHS strategy to start antibiotics promptly and review them within 48–72 hours.
What advice should nurses give patients on antibiotics?
Finish the course, report side effects, understand risks, and how to administer.
What is AWaRe classification in antibiotics?
A WHO system categorising antibiotics as Access, Watch, or Reserve based on resistance potential.
