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RCPCH TAS/ AKP > Infection and Allergy > Flashcards

Infection and Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

Chlamydia on microscopy

A

Gram negative rod

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2
Q

Chlamydia treatment

A

Azithroymycin 3 days
OR Doxycyline 1 week

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3
Q

Gonorrhoea microscopy

A

Gram -ve intracellular cocci

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4
Q

Gonorrhoea treatment

A

1x IM ceftriaxone
Re-testing 2 weeks

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5
Q

Syphilis treatment

A

IM Benzanthine penicillin

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6
Q

Gram positive cocci

A

Staphylococci - clusters
Streptococci - chains
Enterococci

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7
Q

Gram positive bacilli

A

Listeria
Clostridium difficile - produces spores

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8
Q

Gram negative cocci

A

Neisseria meningitidis - pairs

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9
Q

Gram negative bacilli

A

E. Coli - motile
Klebsiella
Salmonella
Shigella
Haemophilis
Pseudomonas

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10
Q

Gram native spirochete

A

Borrelia

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11
Q

Examples of protazoal infection

A

Plasmodium
Toxoplasma
Giardia –> steatorrhoea
Trichomonas

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12
Q

Which antibiotics cover gram negative organisms?

A

Gentamicin
Ciproflaxacin
Trimethoprim

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13
Q

Which opportunistic infections might you get in HIV?

A

Pneumocystis
Candida
HSV
VZV
Mycobacterium

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14
Q

Clinical features you may get in Stage 2 HIV infection

A

Parotid gland enlargement
Extensive molluscum contagiosum
Persistent diarrhoea >14 days
Malnutrition
Severe recurrent bacterial pneumonia
Unexplained anaemia / thrombocytopenia / neutropenia

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15
Q

AIDS defining illnesses

A
  • Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis
  • PCP infection
  • Oesophageal / respiratory candidiasis
  • CMV retinitis
  • M. avium complex infections
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16
Q

Which antibiotics can be used in penicillin allergy?

A
  • Tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline)
  • Quinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin)
  • Macrolides (e.g. clarithromycin)
  • Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin)
  • Glycopeptides (e.g. vancomycin)
17
Q

Side effects vancomycin

A

Agranulocytosis
Infusion-site reaction
Tubulointerstitial nephritis

18
Q

Which bacteria are encapsulated? (Covered by polysaccharide capsule)
Who is more at risk?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Klebsiella
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

At risk: Immunodeficiency, hyposplenism

19
Q

Organism and presentation of Lyme Disease

A

Organism: Borrelia burgdoferi (tick bite)
Presentation:
- Erythema migrans
- Fatigue, myalgia
- Lymphadenopathy
- Headache
- Fever
- Neuro Sx 2-10w after bite: meningitis, facial palsy, cerebellar ataxia

20
Q

TB treatment and SE

A

Initially: 2m
Rifampicin - SE discolouration skin/ teeth/ fluids
Isoniazid - SE Peripheral neuropathy
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol - SE optic / peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity

–> Further 4 months Rifampicin / isoniazid (10m if CNS involvement)

21
Q

Examples of live attenuated vaccinations

A

MMR
Rotavirus
HBV

NB avoid in immunocompromised

22
Q

Examples of inactivated vaccinations

A

Polio
Influenza

23
Q

Examples of subunit vaccinations

A

Diphtheria
Pneumococcal
HPV
HBV

24
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity examples

A

IMMEDIATE

Anaphylaxis, IgE mediated allergies

25
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity examples

A

Eg Haemolytic disease newborn, MG, acute transfusion reaction, pernicious anaemia

Type 5 = subset - hormone receptors eg Graves’

26
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity examples

A

Eg SLE, RA, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, post-strep glomerulonephritis

27
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity examples

A

DELAYED
Eg GVHD, contact dermatitis, Mantoux (inject tuberculin, R/v 72 hours)

28
Q

Organism and presentation of Typhoid + Tx

A

Salmonella typhi.
Presents:
-High grade fever
- Malaise
- Abdominal pain, severe diarrhoea
- Rash (rose spots).
- May have travelled eg to India
Tx chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone.

29
Q

HIV positive children indications for treatment

A

All children should start cART irrespective of CD4 count / viral load.
- >6w and <12 months – PCP prophylaxis
- 1-4y, start PCP if CD4 count <15% or <500x106/L
- >5y start PCP if CD4 <15% or <200x106/L

30
Q

Which complement deficiency associated with opportunistic bacterial infections?

A

C5-9

31
Q

Which complement deficiency associated with recurrent encapsulated bacterial infections?

A

C3
Eg Hib, strep pneumoniae

32
Q

Which complement deficiency associated with AI disease eg SLE, RA

A

C1, C2, C4

33
Q

What precautions should be taken for asplenia?

A

Daily Pen V
Annual pneumococcal vaccine

34
Q

What are the complications of Measles?

A

Pneumonia
Otitis media
Diarrhoea
Encephalitis
Myocarditis
Lymphopenia
Subacute sclerosis panencephalitis 5-10y after initial infection

35
Q

What is Bruton’s disease?

A

X-linked agammaglobinaemia
Suspect in male infants with recurrent infections and faltering growth
Present 3-9m
Low IgG, IgM, IgA

RCPCH TAS/ AKP (20 decks)

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