Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of sepsis?

A

SIRS + suspected/proven infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of SIRS?

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is severe sepsis?

A 
Sepsis + multi-organ failure (>2 of the following):
Respiratory failure - common
Renal failure
Neurologic failure
Liver failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are causes of sepsis in neonates?

A

(<1 month)
Group B streptococci
Eshericha coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the causes of sepsis in children?

A

Group A streptococci
Strep pneumoniae
Meningococci
Staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the symptoms of sepsis?

A 
Fever/hypothermia
Cold peripheries
Prolonged capillary refill time >2 seconds
Chills/rigors
Limb pain
Vomiting and/or diarrhoea
Muscle/joint aches
Diminished urine output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is sepsis investigated?

A 
Sepsis 6 recognition tool
FBC – decreased WCC, decreased platelets
CRP – elevated
Metabolic acidosis
Raised lactate
Hypoglycaemia
CSF
Urine culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is sepsis treated?

A

Supportive – ABCG – O2
Broad spectrum antibiotics – 3rd generation cephalosporins (Benzylpenicillin + gentamycin
Rifampicin )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the causes of bacterial meningitis in neonates?

A

Group B streptococci

E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the causes of bacterial meningitis in children?

A

Step pneumonia
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the signs of meningitis in neonates?

A

Lethargy
Irritability
Bulging fontanelle
Seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the signs of meningitis in children?

A 
Nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness)
Headaches
Photophobia
Diminished consciousness
Seizures
Rash - late sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is meningitis investigated?

A

Blood culture
Lumbar puncture
Tumbler test if rash (non-blanching)
Kernig’s test - patient lies on back flexing hip and knee, straightens leg (keeping hip flexed) pain down meninges
Brudzinski’s test - touch chin with neck and see involuntary flexion of hips/knees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is meningitis treated?

A

<3 months – IV cefotaxime + amoxicillin
>3 months – IV ceftriaxone
Both before tests come back
Dexamethasone – to reduce the chance of long-term outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the complications of meningitis?

A 
Hearing loss
Cerebral palsy
Seizures and epilepsy
Cognitive impairment
Epilepsy
Memory loss
17
Q

What are the differentials of a fever in a child?

A

Mild - URTI, mild gastroenteritis, non-specific viral infection
Significant - pneumonia, meningitis, encephalitis, meningococcal sepsis, UTI, septic arthritis, kawasaki’s disease
Infants under 3 months with a temp of 38C need to be treated for sepsis until proven otherwise

18
Q

What is Kawasaki disease?

A

Medial vessel vasculitis
Affects young children <5
Increased risk in siblings and twins

19
Q

What are the symptoms of kawasaki disease?

A 
Fever for 5 days + 4 of:
Bilateral conjunctival infection
Cracked lips/strawberry tongue
Cervical lymphadenopathy >1.5cm
Polymorphous rash
Change of the extremities
20
Q

How is kawasaki disease treated?

A

Aspirin
IV immunoglobulins
Cardiology assessment as it’s the leading cause of heart disease

21
Q

What are the complications of kawasaki disease?

A

Coronary artery aneurysms

22
Q

Varicella zoster

A

Primary infection - varicella, chickenpox
Recurrent infection - zoster (shingles)
Incubation period - 14 days

23
Q

What are the symptoms of a varicella zoster infection?

A

Mild malaise
Fever
Itchy
Exanthema - papule, vesicles, pustules

24
Q

How is varicella zoster infection treated?

A

Aciclovir if immunocompromised or severely unwell

Prevented with vaccine

25
Q

Herpes simplex virus

A

Reactivation of varicella zoster
HSV1 – oral
HSV2 – genital

26
Q

What is the presentation of herpes simplex virus?

A

Stomatitis

Recurrent cold sores

27
Q

How is herpes simplex treated?

A

Self-limiting

Aciclovir

28
Q

What are the complications of herpes simplex virus?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis
Encephalitis
Systemic neonatal infections
Immunocompromised children

29
Q

Herpes simplex virus and neonates

A

Contact in birth canal
Day 4-21 of life
CNS infections common (70%) – sepsis, meningoencephalitis, hepatitis
Skin/eye/mouth disease (20-30%)

30
Q

Primary immunodeficiency

A

Rare
Lots of disorders
Missing or improper functions of the body’s immune system
Usually caused by single genetic defects
May affect a single component or multiple components of the immune system

31
Q

Secondary immunodeficiency

A

Common
Acquired diseases or effects of treatment affecting the immune system
Components of the immune system all present and are functional
Eg – HIV, prolonged steroid use, patients treated for malignancies

32
Q

What are the warning signs for immunodeficiency?

A 
SPUR F
Serious
Persistent
Unusual
Recurrent
Family history

Paediatrics (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions