Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiac > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors of infective endocarditis

A

Previous episode of infective endocarditis
rheumatic valve disease (30%)
prosthetic valves
congenital heart defects
intravenous drug users (IVDUs, e.g. typically causing tricuspid lesion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Signs of infective endocarditis

A

splinter haemorrhages
new/worsening murmur (rare)
janeway lesions
Oslers nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Symptoms of infective endocarditis

A 
fever/night sweats
malaise
anorexia
weakness
arthralgia
headache
SOB
chest pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Investigations in suspected infective endocarditis

A 
FBC, CRP, U&Es
Urinalysis
ECG
Echo
Blood cultures: 3 separate at spike of fever prior to antibiotics therapy from different locations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What might you seen in urinalysis in infective endocarditis

A

RBC casts
WBC casts
proteinuria
pyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What may you see on ECG as infective endocarditis progresses

A

prolonged PR interval
non-specific ST/T wave abnormalities
AV block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What might you see on Echo in infective endocarditis

A

valvular mobile vegetations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the management of infective endocarditis

A
  • supportive
  • empirical antibiotic therapy
  • surgery to debride infected tissue/valves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the complications of infective endocarditis

A
  • congestive heart failure
  • systemic emboli
  • anterior mitral valve vegetation
  • valvular rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Acute rheumatic fever

A
  • Autoimmune disease that may occur following group A streptococcal throat infection
  • Can affect joints, heart, brain, and skin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the common features of Rheumatic fever

A
  • Joint pains
  • Sore throat/scarlet fever
  • Malaise
  • Fever
  • Chest pain/murmur/palpitations
  • SOB
  • Pericardial rub
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Risk factors for rheumatic fever

A
  • poverty
  • overcrowded living
  • FH/genetic susceptibility
  • HLA association
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Investigations when considering Rheumatic fever

A
  • FBC, CRP/ESR, U&Es
  • Blood cultures
  • ECG: prolonged PR
  • Echo: valvular dysfunction (mitral or aortic)
  • throat culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What pathogen usually causes rheumatic fever

A

beta-haemolytic streptoccocal A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment of rheumatic fever

A
  1. Antibiotics - benpen
  2. If arthritis NSAIDs
  3. secondary prophylaxis
  4. valvular surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which valve is most commonly affected in rheumatic heart disease

A

mitral

aortic

17
Q

What is pericariditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium

18
Q

What are the RF for pericardits

A
  • Male
  • 20-50
  • Transmural MI
  • cardiac surgery
  • neoplasm
  • uraemia or on dialysis
  • bacterial infection
  • systemic auto-immune disorders
19
Q

Which bacteria is usually involved in bacterial pericarditis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

20
Q

Classic triad of symptoms for pericarditis

A
  • chest pain - pleuritic
  • pericardial rub
  • ECG changes
    ( fever, malaise)
21
Q

What ECG changes may you find in pericarditis

A

upwards concave ST-segment elevation globally with PR depressions

22
Q

What investigations for pericarditis

A
  • ECG
  • troponins
  • pericardial fluid/blood cultures
  • ESR/CRP
  • U&Es - ureas
23
Q

WHat may you see on CXR in pericarditis

A

Normal or water bottle cardiac silhouette

24
Q

Differentials of pericarditis

A
  • MI
  • PE
  • Pneumonia
  • Pneumothorax
  • costochondritis
25
Q

Management of pericarditis

A
  • Pericariocentesis?
  • NSAIDs
  • PPI
  • Coclchicine - improves response
  • ABX if purulent
  • exercise restriction
26
Q

Complication of pericarditis

A

pericardial effusion with or without tamponade

27
Q

Prognosis pericarditis

A

Acute idiopathic pericarditis: self-limited disease in 70%- 90% with no significant complications or recurrence. Purulent pericarditis is uniformly fatal if untreated and has a mortality of 40% with treatment.

Cardiac (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions