Infection Flashcards
Anaerobe
Can live without o2, doesn’t need o2 to live
Aerobe
Needs o2 for growth
Obligate anaerobe
dies in oxygen
obligate aerobe
needs oxygen to live
sepsis
life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response
detecting sepsis
resp rate >20bpm
HR >90bpm
temp >38
BP low
meningiococcal meningitis
inflammatory cascade vasodilation low BP and HR shock prolonged hypoperfusion = death TREAT = CEFTRIAXONE, IV FLUIDS, O2
Antibacterials - inhibit cell wall synthesis
beta lactams:
glycopeptides:
Antibacterials - protein synthesis
tetracyclines
macrolides
aminoglycosides
Antibacterials - nucleic acid synthesis
quinolones
trimethoprim
4P’s of reducing healthcare infections
PATIENT - screening and interactions
PATHOGEN - detergents for virulence factors
PRACTICE - ward leadership, handwashing, stewardship
PLACE - sterile equipment, #beds/#people
Suspected healthcare infection - IFIVE
Identify Isolate Investigate Inform Initiate
Multidrug resistance
not susceptible to at least 1 drug in 3 categories
Pandrug resistance
not susceptible to all agents in all categories
Haemolysis for streptococci
place on a petri dish and check to see breakdown of RBCs
Alpha haemolysis
partial RBC lysis
viridans streptococci (green)
eg strep pneumoniae
Beta haemolysis
complete RBC lysis
usually throat commensals
eg strep pyogenes
Gamma haemolysis
non-haemolytic strep
usually non-pathogenic
eg enterococcus faecalis
Infections caused by strep pyogenes
impetigo
erysipelas
cellulitis
necrotising fasciitis
Complications of strep pyogenes infections
sclarlet fever
supprative complications
acute rheumatic fever
post traumatic glomerulonephritis
Streptococcus virulence factors
hyaluronic acid
m protein
pyrogenic exotoxin
Quorum sensing
need a certain number of bacteria before you from a biofilm
Signs of infection
calor rubor dolor tomor functio laesa
Detecting an immunocompromised patient
S-severe
P-persistent
U-unusual
R-recurrent
