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Clin med II Patho > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria

A

single cell, multi genus

different nuclei and protein synthesis than humans
cell walls

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2
Q

Antibacterial inhibition of cell membrane

A

cell membranes are made of peptidoglycans

drug creates holes into the walls of the cell membranes or prevents synthesis of cell membane

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3
Q

Antibacterial inhibition of protein synthesis

A

drug binds to ribosome

inhibition of protein synthesis

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4
Q

Anti bacterial inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis and function

A

decrease the folic acid production to decrease DNA/RNA synthesis

directly inhibit production of DNA/RNA

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5
Q

Anti bacteria drugs are either ____ or ____?

A

bacteriocide or bacteriostatic

narrow or broad spectrum

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6
Q

What causes antibacterial resistance

A 
enzyme that degrades drug agent
change or masking of the binding agent
change the target enzyme of the drug
decreased drug penetration
efflux pumping out of the drug
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7
Q

Prevention and treatment of resistance

A

Avoid prescribing broad spectrum
use narrow spectrum when possible

use of 2nd drug to overcome resistance beta lactamase inhibitor

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8
Q

Antibacterial rehab concerns

A

allergic reaction/hypersensitivity
UV sensitivity
prevents the spread of infection
tendon rupture (fluroquinolones)

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9
Q

Risks of tendon rupture

A

increased age, steroid use, renal failure, tendon issue

large WBing tendon at risk

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10
Q

Virus in general

A

DNA encapsulated by capsid (protein shell)

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11
Q

Viral replication in general

A

penetrates the host cell and releases genetic material
overtakes the host cell and produces more viral cells
symptoms experienced are the lost of host cell

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12
Q

Anti-viral meds

A

specific to virus
inhibits viral enzyme
virustatic not virucidal

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13
Q

Tendon damage cause

A

unclear (oxidatitve change)
rapid onset 2 hours
85% within the first month
discharge use of drug to protect tendone

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14
Q

Viral replication steps and their treatment

A
  1. Absorption- can be prevented by enfuviritide
  2. penetrating and uncoating- tx with amantadine
  3. biosynthesis- RTI, protease inhibitors
  4. maturation and release- rifampicin
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15
Q

Interferons

A

small protein produced endogenously that controls cell proliferation and immune response

interferon alfacon -1 for hep C
interferon alfa 2b condylomata for hep B

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16
Q

Antiviral vaccines

A

made from modified virus
administered prior to viral exposure
stims the immune system to produce specific antibodies

17
Q

HIV/AIDS

A

attacks T4 lymphocytes and decreases immune system function = susceptible to opportunistic infections

aids is associated with HIV

18
Q

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI)

A

inhibits the transcription of viral DNA to viral RNA

nucleocidal- drug acts as the false substrate to prevent

non- nucleocidal- drug blocks the binding site of the reverse transcriptase to inhibit.

19
Q

Protease inhibitors

A

protease- key enzyme in HIV synthesis

protease inibitor mimics components of the enzyme to inhibit function of the protease

20
Q

HIV entry inhibitor

A

decreases the ability of HIV to enter

21
Q

Integrase inhibitor

A

integrase splices viral DNA into host cell genes,

inhibits the integrase

22
Q

Drug combination of HIV

A

2 nucleocidal RTI + 1 non-nucleocidal

and potentially others to defend against resistance

23
Q

other-aids meds

A

antibacterial and antiviral for opportunistic infections

interferons for cancer

24
Q

Anti-HIV med summary

A

now new strategies to impair HIV replication cycle

strategies to inhibit specific HIV replication cyle

25
Q

Anti-HIV adverse effects

A

RTI/Integrase inhibitors
neuropathy and myopathy

Protease/Integrase inhibitors
lipodystrophy

GI distress, immune response

26
Q

Future of HIV treatment

A

HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)
vaccine?prevention
ongoing drug development

27
Q

Fungal infection

A

myocosin (superficial to deep)

immuno-supressed patients will experience severe systemic reaction

28
Q

Imidazoles

A

inhibits the enzyme that synthesizes the membrane

local vs sytemic depends on toxicity level

29
Q

Other fungal infection

A

impair the integrity of the fungal membrane and biochem of fungus

30
Q

Adverse effects of topical vs. systemic

A

topical: no real adverse effects, excess use=resistance?
systemic: Gi distress, HA, liver toxicity, blood dyscrasia

Clin med II Patho (11 decks)

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