Infection: Flashcards
Body temp for sepsis
over 101.3 or under 95
HR for sepsis
over 90bmp
rr for sepsis
20+
Co2 tension for sepsis
<32mm/Hg
uring output for sepsis
decreased
WBC count for sepsis
over 12,000 or less than 4000
band % for sepsis
over 10%
BP for sepsis
hypotension
neutrophil counts elevated indicates
bacterial infection
elevated levels of B and T lymphoctyes, neutrophils, monocytes indicate what
bacterial or viral infecton
normal WBC differential count
4,500 10,000
increased basophils and esoinophils indicate what
parasitic infection
increase number of bands when infection is what
acute
what are the 4 diagnostic criteria for aids
- CD4 count drops below 200
- one of the following opportunistic infections
(fungal, viral, protozoal, bacterial) - one of the following opportunistic cancers:
(cervical, kaposi, burkitts, immunoblastic, lymphoma of brain) - wasting syndrome (loss of 10%+ body mass)
radiation heat loss
heat from surface of skin into the air via electromagnetic waves (directly related to air temp, skin temp and exposure)
conduction
(direct contact of one surface to another
convection
air currents moving across the body surface
wet skin or clothing accelerates process
hypothermia temp
below 97.2
hyperthermia temp
above 99.7
how is hyperthremia and fever different
fever raises the set point where hyperthermia does not
normothermia temp
97.7-99.0
what diagnostic tests indicate a lower UTI
- urine dipstick test (nitrates, WBC, sugar)
- blood glucose (rule out diabetes)
- clean catch sample (to determine what and what antibiotics)
- ultrasound or CT (rule out obstruction or recurrent UTI)
what primary prevention for lower UTI
-take all antibiotics
-hygiene (warm soapy water after each bm)
-empty bladder before and after sex
-urinate reg. q 3-4 hours
-adequate hydration
-avoid douches, soaps, baths, powders, sprays
-8oz cranberry juice tid
OLD: bathroom program, water for dry mouth
risks of untreated lower UTI
- recurrent infections
- kidney damage
- pregnant women
- men
- sepsis
treatment for uncomplicated lower UTI
Phenazopyridine antibiotics: -bactrim -Nitrofuranotin (macrobid) -fosfomycin (monurol)
recurrent lower UTI antibiotics
- ampicillin
- amoxicillin
- first gen cephalosporin
- fluoroquinolones
s/s of upper uti
-acute onset
-nocturia
fever/chills
-flank pain
-costovertebral tenderness
-colic type abd pain, n/v
-tachy and HTN
upper uti old people symptoms
non specific symptoms
-low fever, malaise, gi upset, cognitive impairment
diagnostic tests for HIV
- elsa
- western blott
- 4 gen blood or saliva tests
when to call the dr for pharyngitis
- child is less than 2 mo
- fever over 105??????
- stiff neck, vomiting, purplish spots, confusion, trouble breathing,
when to call dr next day for pharyngitis
- fever 3+ days
- history of febrile seizures
- fever went away for a day and came back
- other concerns/questions
causative orgs for cellulitis
-streptococcus and sstaph
antibiotics for cellulitis
amoxicillin and flucloxacillin
s/s of pneumonia
- chest pain when breathing/coughing
- productive cough
- fatigue
- fever, sweating chills
- n/v/d
- sob
old s/s of pneumonia
(65+)
lower than normal temp
confusion or changes in LOC
what position of pt with pneumonia
head up higher
s/s of pneumonia has become septic
-increase in adventitious b/s
-dullness in percussion
-paleness of skin
-decreased urine output
-LOC
-difficulty breathing
-decrease in platelet count
-abnormal heart pumping
-abnormal pain
RR more than 20
s/s of RSV in infants
-irritability, decreased activity sob
-flared nostrils or caved in chest
-bluish around mouth and nails
-fever under 3 mo greater than 100.4
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