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302 Scientific basis of medicine > Infection 4) How viruses cause disease > Flashcards

Infection 4) How viruses cause disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic reproduction number?

A

Approximate measure of how many infections one person will generate during their infectious period

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2
Q

What protective equipment is used in ebola?

A 
Medical mask
Surgical cap
Goggles
Overalls
Scrubs
Apron
Double gloves
Boots
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3
Q

What is a virus made of?

A

Nucleic acid
Protein coat
Enveloped / unenveloped

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4
Q

What is a virion?

A

Complete intact virus particle

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5
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause encephalitis / meningitis

A 
JC virus
Measles
LCM virus
Arbovirus
Rabies
HSV 1/2
VZV
Enteroviruses
Parechoviruses
Mumps
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6
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause a common cold

A

Rhinovirus
Parainfluenza virus
Respiratory syncytial virus

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7
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause pharyngitis

A

Adenovirus
Epstein-Barr virus
Cytomegalovirus

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8
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause gingivostomatitis

A

Herpes simplex type 1

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9
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause cardiovascular infections

A

Coxsackie B virus

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10
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause hepatitis

A 
Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E
HSV 1/2
VZV
CMV / EBV
Enteroviruses
Parechoviruses
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11
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause skin infections

A 
Varicella zoster virus
Human herpes virus 6
Small pox
Molluscum contagiosum
Human papillomavirus
Parovirus B19
Rubella
Measles
Coxsackie A virus
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12
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause sexually transmitted diseases

A

Herpes simplex type 2
Human papillomavirus
HIV

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13
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause pancreatitis

A

Coxsackie B virus

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14
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause gastroenteritis

A 
Adenovirus
Rotavirus
Norovirus
Astrovirus
Coronavirus
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15
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause myelitis

A

Poliovirus

HTV-I

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16
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause pneumonia

A 
Influenza type A and B
Parainfluenza virus
Respiratory syncytial
Adenovirus
SARS coronavirus
17
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause parositis

18
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause eye infections

A

Herpes simplex
Adenovirus
Cytomegalovirus

19
Q

What are the 2 components of viral disease?

A

Effects of viral replication on host

Effects of host response on virus and host

20
Q

What 4 requirements must viruses know to replicate?

A

What cells to enter and how
How to replicate inside cell
How to exit and move from 1 infected cell to a new cell and new host
Develop mechanisms to evade host defences

21
Q

What are the 6 steps of viral pathogenesis?

A 
Encounter
Entry
Multiplication
Spread
Damage
Outcome
22
Q

What is apical viral release?

A

Facilitates viral dispersal but virus doesn’t invade underlying tissues

23
Q

What is basolateral viral release?

A

Provide access to underlying tissues and facilitates system spread

24
Q

How can haematogenous spread occur?

A

Directly through capillaries
Replicating in endothelial cells
Through vector bite
By lymphatic capillaries

25
What is viraemia?
Presence of infectious virus in blood
26
What is neurotropic?
Virus can infect neural cells
27
What is neuroinvasive?
Virus can enter CNS following infection of peripheral site
28
What is neurovirulent?
Virus can cause disease of nervous tissue
29
What are the 3 determinants of tissue tropism?
Cell receptors Cellular proteins that regulate viral transcription Cell proteases
30
What is the Baltimore system?
Viral classification | Groups viruses into families depending on their type of genome and method of replication
31
Give examples of transmission routes
``` Exogenous Endogenous Skin / mucous membrane Respiratory tract Alimentary tract / faecal oral Urogenital tract Eye Blood borne Vertical transmission ```
32
Give an example of a virus that produces immunosuppressive cytokines
EBV
33
Describe influenza virus type A
``` Matrix protein Segmented RNA genome Neuraminidase Haemagglutinin M2 ion channel protein ```
34
How does influenza virus type A evade host defence mechanisms?
Change its surface antigens | Antigenic variation in HA and NA - antigenic drift and antigenic shfit
35
What is antigenic drift?
Accumulation of mutations within antibody-binding site
36
What is antigenic shift?
Sudden shift in antigenic of virus resulting from the recombination of genomes of 2 viral strains

302 Scientific basis of medicine (28 decks)

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