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302 Scientific basis of medicine > Infection 4) How viruses cause disease > Flashcards

Infection 4) How viruses cause disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic reproduction number?

A

Approximate measure of how many infections one person will generate during their infectious period

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2
Q

What protective equipment is used in ebola?

A 
Medical mask
Surgical cap
Goggles
Overalls
Scrubs
Apron
Double gloves
Boots
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3
Q

What is a virus made of?

A

Nucleic acid
Protein coat
Enveloped / unenveloped

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4
Q

What is a virion?

A

Complete intact virus particle

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5
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause encephalitis / meningitis

A 
JC virus
Measles
LCM virus
Arbovirus
Rabies
HSV 1/2
VZV
Enteroviruses
Parechoviruses
Mumps
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6
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause a common cold

A

Rhinovirus
Parainfluenza virus
Respiratory syncytial virus

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7
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause pharyngitis

A

Adenovirus
Epstein-Barr virus
Cytomegalovirus

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8
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause gingivostomatitis

A

Herpes simplex type 1

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9
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause cardiovascular infections

A

Coxsackie B virus

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10
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause hepatitis

A 
Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E
HSV 1/2
VZV
CMV / EBV
Enteroviruses
Parechoviruses
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11
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause skin infections

A 
Varicella zoster virus
Human herpes virus 6
Small pox
Molluscum contagiosum
Human papillomavirus
Parovirus B19
Rubella
Measles
Coxsackie A virus
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12
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause sexually transmitted diseases

A

Herpes simplex type 2
Human papillomavirus
HIV

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13
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause pancreatitis

A

Coxsackie B virus

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14
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause gastroenteritis

A 
Adenovirus
Rotavirus
Norovirus
Astrovirus
Coronavirus
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15
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause myelitis

A

Poliovirus

HTV-I

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16
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause pneumonia

A 
Influenza type A and B
Parainfluenza virus
Respiratory syncytial
Adenovirus
SARS coronavirus
17
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause parositis

A

Mumps

18
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can cause eye infections

A

Herpes simplex
Adenovirus
Cytomegalovirus

19
Q

What are the 2 components of viral disease?

A

Effects of viral replication on host

Effects of host response on virus and host

20
Q

What 4 requirements must viruses know to replicate?

A

What cells to enter and how
How to replicate inside cell
How to exit and move from 1 infected cell to a new cell and new host
Develop mechanisms to evade host defences

21
Q

What are the 6 steps of viral pathogenesis?

A 
Encounter
Entry
Multiplication
Spread
Damage
Outcome
22
Q

What is apical viral release?

A

Facilitates viral dispersal but virus doesn’t invade underlying tissues

23
Q

What is basolateral viral release?

A

Provide access to underlying tissues and facilitates system spread

24
Q

How can haematogenous spread occur?

A

Directly through capillaries
Replicating in endothelial cells
Through vector bite
By lymphatic capillaries

25
Q

What is viraemia?

A

Presence of infectious virus in blood

26
Q

What is neurotropic?

A

Virus can infect neural cells

27
Q

What is neuroinvasive?

A

Virus can enter CNS following infection of peripheral site

28
Q

What is neurovirulent?

A

Virus can cause disease of nervous tissue

29
Q

What are the 3 determinants of tissue tropism?

A

Cell receptors
Cellular proteins that regulate viral transcription
Cell proteases

30
Q

What is the Baltimore system?

A

Viral classification

Groups viruses into families depending on their type of genome and method of replication

31
Q

Give examples of transmission routes

A 
Exogenous
Endogenous
Skin / mucous membrane
Respiratory tract
Alimentary tract / faecal oral
Urogenital tract
Eye
Blood borne
Vertical transmission
32
Q

Give an example of a virus that produces immunosuppressive cytokines

A

EBV

33
Q

Describe influenza virus type A

A 
Matrix protein
Segmented RNA genome
Neuraminidase
Haemagglutinin
M2 ion channel protein
34
Q

How does influenza virus type A evade host defence mechanisms?

A

Change its surface antigens

Antigenic variation in HA and NA - antigenic drift and antigenic shfit

35
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Accumulation of mutations within antibody-binding site

36
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Sudden shift in antigenic of virus resulting from the recombination of genomes of 2 viral strains

302 Scientific basis of medicine (28 decks)

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