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Ophthalmology > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Why do gram positive organisms stain purple?

A

They have a thick cell wall.

Examples include staph. aureus and strep. pneumoniae.

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2
Q

Why do gram negative organisms stain pink?

A

They have a thin cell wall.

An example is haemophilus influenzae.

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3
Q

What are the 3 main pathogens in bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates (those under 4 weeks of age)?

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Chlamydia trachomatis

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4
Q

How should neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis be managed?

A

Refer to ophthalmology as STI causative organisms may cause scarring.

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5
Q

What are the 3 most common organisms responsible for conjunctivitis in adults?

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae

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6
Q

Patient presents with mucopurulent discharge from one eye, and complains that it feels stuck together in the morning - what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

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7
Q

How is bacterial conjunctivitis treated?

A

Topic chloramphenicol

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8
Q

In which patients should chloramphenicol be avoided?

A

Those with a history of aplastic anaemia
Newborns

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9
Q

What typically precedes a viral conjunctivitis?

A

An URTI

May be caused by adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, and herpes zoster.

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10
Q

Does viral conjunctivitis cause sticky eyes?

A

No, they will be red only.

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11
Q

Can bacterial keratitis be managed in the community?

A

No, if suspected admit the patient.

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12
Q

What is keratitis?

A

Inflammation of the cornea

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13
Q

What is a dendritic ulcer?

A

A very painful presentation of herpes infection.

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14
Q

How is herpes keratitis treated?

A

Ganciclovir

DO NOT GIVE STEROIDS!

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15
Q

Can steroids be used to manage a dendritic ulcer?

A

No, as it may cause a corneal melt - can lead to perforation.

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16
Q

What usually precedes fungal keratitis?

A

Corneal abrasion

Treat this with topical anti-fungals.

17
Q

What may result from washing contact lenses in tap water?

A

Acanthamoeba infection

Will cause severe pain.

18
Q

How does orbital cellulitis present?

A

Pain on eye movement

May have proptosis

19
Q

How is orbital cellulitis investigated?

A

CT scan

This looks for presence of an orbital abscess.

20
Q

What is toxocara?

A

A parasitic nematode found n cats and dogs.
It can result in irreversible sight loss.

21
Q

What are the 3 modes of antibiotic formation?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

22
Q

What may result if chloramphenicol is given to a newborn?

A

Grey baby syndrome

23
Q

How are dendritic ulcers treated?

A

Ganciclovir

DO NOT GIVE STEROIDS as this may result in a corneal melt.

24
Q

How should chlamydial conjunctivitis be treated?

A

Topical oxytetracycline

If in adults, may also need oral azithromycin to treat genital infection.

25
Q
A

Ophthalmology (8 decks)

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