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Pharm 1 Exam 3 > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Penicillin G, Oxacillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin.
Action: Disrupt cell walls, 15-30% absorbed orally; short half-life orally.
Side effects: No common side effects. Allergy (rash, pruritis, fever)
Nursing Actions: Do not take w/ fruit juices, IV - phlebitis, IM - large muscle, High doses - bleeding disorders, < effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

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2
Q

Cephalosporins drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Cephalexin, cefaclor, ceftriaxone, cefepime
Actions: Disrupt cell walls
Side effects: Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramping, rash, superinfections w/ prolonged use.
Nursing interventions: Nephrotoxic

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3
Q

Tetracyclines drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Doxycycline, tetracycline
Action: Inhibit protein synthesis
Side effects: Superinfections, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, discoloration of teeth, photosensitivity
Nursing interventions: Tak eon empty stomach w/ water; dairy, iron, Ca, Al interfere w/ absorption. Additional contraceptive. Do not use in pregnancy; child < 8. Photosensitivity, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, expired - toxic.

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4
Q

Macrolides drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Erythromycin, azithromycin
Action: Bind w/ ribosomes
Side effects: N&V, abdominal cramping
Nursing interventions: Give empty stomach w/ full glass of water, DO NOT GIVE W/ FRUIT JUICE, Hepatotoxic in high doses.

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5
Q

Aminoglycosides drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Gentamicin, Tobramycin, streptomycin
Action: Inhibit protein synthesis
Side effects: N&V, fatigue, rash, nephrotoxic, ototoxic
Nursing Interventions: Not absorbed orally, monitor kidney function, hearing, peak & trough levels.

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6
Q

Fluoroquinolones drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
Action: interfere with DNA
Side effects: N&V, diarrhea, rash, headache
Nursing interventions: Take w/ food, do not take w/ Ca, Mg, iron, zinc, multivitamins or minerals (< absorption up to 90%), Nephrotoxic , Tendonitis, < cartilage development.

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7
Q

Sulfonamides drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Action: Inhibit synthesis of folate
Side effects: N&V, crystalluria
Nursing interventions: > fluid intake to 2.5-3L/day. Monitor kidney function, photosensitivity.

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8
Q

Classification of amoxicillin?

A

Antibiotic (anti-infective)

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9
Q

Uses/action for amoxicillin?

A

Infections of ear, nose, throat, GU tract, skin & soft tissue, gonorrhea.
Broad spectrum; destroys bacterial cell wall.

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10
Q

Interactions for amoxicillin?

A

Oral contraceptives (< efficacy)
anticoagulants (prolongs bleeding time)

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11
Q

Side effects of amoxicillin?

A

None common - reactions are usually severe (anaphylaxis)

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12
Q

Why would the health care provider not use a tetracycline to treat Dawn’s ear infection?

A

Tetracyclines are contraindicated in children under age 8 due to discoloring of teeth and effects on bone growth.

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13
Q

Dawn is prescribed amoxicillin for 7 days. 10 days later she continues to complain of ear pain. Why might this occur?

A

The medication was not effective against the organism causing the infection.

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14
Q

Classification for Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, septra)?

A

Anti-infective; sulfonamide.

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15
Q

Contraindications for sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra)?

A

Anemia due to folate deficiency
hyperkalemia
pregnancy & lactation

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16
Q

Uses/action for sulfamethoxazole-trimethorpim (Bactrim, Septra)?

A

Action - inhibits RNA synthesis
Use - PCP, UTIs, Otitis media, chronic bronchitis, traveler’s diarrhea

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17
Q

Interactions with Sulfamethoxazole-trimethorpim (Bactrim, Septra)?

A

Oral anticoagulants (> bleeding)
Alcohol

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18
Q

Side effects for Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim?

A

Rash
Nausea
Vomiting
Anorexia
Crystalluria

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19
Q

Nursing interventions for Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim?

A

Monitor coagulation times if also receiving anticoagulants
Older adults - monitor for thrombocytopenia (bruising, bleeding)
Monitor I&O & kidney function
Drink 2.5-3L of fluid per day
Report rash, sore throat, fever, Purpura, jaundice - early signs of serious reaction

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20
Q

Classification for azithromycin (Zithromax)?

A

Macrolide antibiotic

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21
Q

Contraindications for azithromycin (Zithromax)?

A

Uses: pneumonia, lower respiratory infections, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, gonorrhea, skin infections, otitis media, sinusitis.

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22
Q

Interactions with azithromycin (Zithromax)?

A

Antacids
Food < absorptions by 50%
Statin drugs
St. John’s wort
GRAPEFRUIT

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23
Q

Side effects of azithromycin (Zithromax)?

A

Pruritis
Rash
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea

24
Q

Nursing interventions for Azithromycin (Zithromax)?

A

Monitor liver function
Give on empty stomach
Minimize direct sunlight exposure
Antacids - 2 hrs before or after drug

25
Q

Classification for Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

26
Q

Contraindications for Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

Viral infections
Myasthenia gravis (weakness and rapid fatigue of muscles under voluntary control)
Peripheral neuropathy
Tendon inflammation or tendon pain

27
Q

Uses/action of Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

Action: Inhibits DNA
Use: UTIs, URI, skin, bone, joint infections, GI infections, diarrhea, chronic bacterial prostatitis, pneumonia, acute sinusitis, otitis external, conjunctivitis

28
Q

Interactions with Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

Theophylline
Antacids
Calcium & Iron (< absorption of Cipro)

29
Q

Side effects of Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

None common

30
Q

Nursing interventions for Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

Do not give within 4 hrs of antacids
Give w/ food; restrict caffeine
May cause false positive for opiates
Report tendon inflammation/pain
Monitor renal function, S/S crystalluria
Monitor for GI irritation
Monitor for superinfections
Photosensitivity
If on anticoagulants - monitor bleeding times (PT, INR)

31
Q

Classification for vancomycin?

A

Antibiotic; glycopeptide

32
Q

Contraindications for Vancomycin?

A

Allergy to corn
Previous hearing loss

33
Q

Uses/action for vancomycin?

A

Action: bactericidal - < RNA synthesis, alters cell wall
Uses: C diff, staph, enterocolitis

34
Q

Interactions with vancomycin?

A

Don’t use with other drugs that are also ototoxic & nephrotoxic

35
Q

Side effects of Vancomycin?

A

Hypotension w/ flushing
Erythematous rash on face & upper body (rapid IV infusion) - red man or red neck syndrome

36
Q

Nursing interventions for vancomycin?

A

Monitor BP & HR throughout treatment
Assess hearing - loss of hearing may be permanent. Notify ringing in ears.
Monitor kidney function
Peak & trough levels

37
Q

Classification for Metronidazole (flagyl)?

A

Amebicide

38
Q

Contraindications for metronidazole (flagyl)?

A

Alcohol within 3 days
Blood dyscrasias (disease or disorder of the blood)
CNS disease
Abnormal neurological signs
Lactation

39
Q

Uses/action for metronidazole (flagyl)?

A

Action: Trichomonacidal, amoebicidal & antibacterial
Uses: intestinal amebiasis, amebic liver abscess, Pre-op prophylaxis in GI surgeries, hysterectomy, appendectomy

40
Q

Interactions with metronidazole (flagyl)?

A

Oral anticoagulants
Alcohol
Anti-virals
NTG (Nitroglycerin; nitrate medication)

41
Q

Side effects of metronidazole (Flagyl)?

A

Candida
Nausea
Superinfections

42
Q

Nursing interventions for metronidazole (flagyl)?

A

Warn patient causes metallic taste in mouth
Observe for fluid retention
Repeat feces exam in 3 months
Monitor WBC count
Sexual partners - use condone, partners treated also
No alcohol
Monitor for CNS toxicity
Urine dark reddish brown
Report overgrowth of candida
Take pill whole, on an empty stomach

43
Q

While hospitalized Vera develops thrush, a fungal infection in the mouth. What is this type of infection called?

A

Superinfection

44
Q

The health care provider prescribes nystatin. The nurse teaches Vera to take this medication in what manner?

A

Swish and swallow

45
Q

What are two drugs used to treat tuberculosis?

A

Isoniazid
Rifampin

46
Q

Isoniazid treatment for, action, side effects, Nursing interventions?

A

Treatment for: Tuberculosis
Action: Inhibits cell wall
Side effects: Peripheral neuropathy; seizures, dizziness, memory loss, psychoses, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Nursing interventions: 10% of pts develop resistance, Monitor liver function, monitor BP - orthostatic hypotension, monitor diabetics for loss of glycemic control, avoid alcohol, supplement vitamin B6

47
Q

Rifampin treatment for, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Treatment for: tuberculosis
Action: inhibits DNA & RNA
Side effects: heartburn, epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, flatulence, cramps, diarrhea, > LFTs (liver function tests)
Nursing interventions: Monitor LFTs, body secretions, sclera, etc - harmless red-orange color, < effectiveness of oral contraceptives

48
Q

Who should be prescribed prophylactic treatment for exposure to TB?

A

Family members w/ close contact; health care workers providing care

49
Q

What medication is usually prescribed as prophylactic treatment for TB and how long is it usually taken?

A

Isoniazid - 6 months

50
Q

Classification for FLuconazole (Diflucan)?

A

Azole antifungal

51
Q

Contraindications for Fluconazole (Diflucan)?

A

Liver disease
Lactation

52
Q

Uses/action for Fluconazole (Diflucan)?

A

Action: interferes w/ cell membrane
Uses: Meningitis, candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis (candidiasis = yeast infection)

53
Q

Interactions with Fluconazole (Diflucan)?

A

Warfarin
Hypoglycemia w/ sulfonylureas
Prolonged effects of opiates

54
Q

Side effects of Fluconazole?

A

None common

55
Q

Nursing interventions for Fluconazole?

A

Monitor kidney & liver function
Monitor glycemic control for diabetics

56
Q

Nursing care common to all anti-infective drugs

A

1) Encourage fluid intake
2) culture & sensitivity first
3) side effects
——— Question type of reaction
——— Common SE: N&V, diarrhea
4) take entire prescription; space evenly
5) reduce effectiveness or oral contraceptives

Pharm 1 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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