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Pharm 1 Exam 3 > Intracranial regulation > Flashcards

Intracranial regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of Ibuprofen (Advil)?

A

Analgesic, NSAID, Antipyretic

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2
Q

Contraindications for ibuprofen (advil)?

A

Peptic ulcers
bleeding
uticaria
severe rhinitis
bronchospasms
angioedema

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3
Q

Uses/action for ibuprofen?

A

Cox-1 & Cox-2 inhibitor blocks prostaglandin synthesis, < inflammation.
Uses: Mild to moderate pain, rheumatoid & osteoarthritis, dysmenorrhea, fever.

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4
Q

Before giving ibuprofen?

A

Assess for bleeding.

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5
Q

Interactions with ibuprofen?

A

Anticoagulants
lithium
methotrexate
feverfew
garlic, ginger, ginkgo

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6
Q

Side effects for ibuprofen?

A

Heartburn
Nausea
Occult blood loss

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7
Q

Nursing interventions for ibuprofen?

A

Assess for bleeding or GI ulceration
Do not take aspirin concurrently
Avoid alcohol - GI bleeding
Take with food

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8
Q

Opioids - Drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Morphine, codeine, oxycodone, meperidine, fentanyl
Action: Bind w/ opiate receptors; analgesia & CNS depression
Side effects: Sedation, N&V, urinary retention, respiratory depression, constipation.
Nursing interventions: Monitor for respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention. Caution while driving.

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9
Q

Mixed drugs - Drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Butorphanol, Nalbuphine
Action: Agonists - antagonists to opioid receptors
Side effects: Less intense than opioids
Nursing interventions: None

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10
Q

Salicylates - drugs, actions, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Aspirin
Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis (less pain & inflammation)
Side effects: GI distress, bleeding, tinnitus - toxic
Nursing intervention: Use Enteric coated, assess for bleeding.

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11
Q

NSAIDS - drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Ibuprofen, indomethacin, Ketorolac, Meloxicam, Naproxen.
Action: Inhibits COX-1 & COX-2 which < pain & inflammation.
Side effects: Bleeding, nausea, dizziness.
Nursing interventions: Monitor for bleeding.

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12
Q

Central Acting - drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Acetaminophen, Tramadol
Action:
— A: works at brain & spinal cord level
— T: Weak opioid, inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine & serotonin in the spinal neurons.
Side effects:
— A: Non common
— T: Dizziness, headache, N&V, constipation, lethargy.
Nursing interventions:
— A: Monitor liver function
— T: Monitor bowel & bladder function.

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13
Q

Morphine sulfate classification?

A

Analgesic (narcotic)

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14
Q

Morphine sulfate contraindications?

A

Seizures
asthma
resp depression
pancreatitis
hypothyroidism
MAOIs
Acute alcoholism
lactation
head trauma

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15
Q

Morphine sulfate uses/action?

A

Binds w/ opiate receptors
Uses: Severe pain, acute It. ventricular failure & pulmonary edema, MI pain

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16
Q

Before/after giving morphine sulfate?

A

Before: Assess respiratory rate, rhythm, depth
After: Monitor respirations

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17
Q

Interactions with morphine sulfate?

A

CNS depressants
MAOIs (hypertension)
kava, valerian
St john’s wort

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18
Q

Side effects of morphine sulfate?

A

Pruritis (itchiness)
Constipation
Nausea

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19
Q

Nursing interventions for morphine sulfate?

A

Antidote: Naloxone (Narcan)
Monitor vital signs; respiratory effect
Encourage cough & deep breathing
Monitor for urinary retention
Orthostatic hypotension
Pt ed: no alcohol or CNS depressants, avoid driving
Constipation - > fluid, sufficient fiber

20
Q

Naloxone (Narcan) classification?

A

Narcotic (opiate) antagonist

21
Q

Uses for nalaxone (narcan)?

A

Blocks opiates from reaching opiate receptors
Use: Barcotic overdose

22
Q

After giving nalaxone?

A

Monitor for opiate withdrawal.

23
Q

Side effects for nalaxone (narcan)?

A

None common

24
Q

Nursing interventions for Naloxone (narcan)?

A

Monitor VS, esp respirations
Monitor for bleeding - abnormal coagulation results

25
Q

Classification for Hydrocodone (Vicodin)?

A

Narcotic analgesic: antitussive

26
Q

Contraindications for hydrocodone (vicodin)?

A

Bronchitis
COPD

27
Q

Uses/action for hydrocodone?

A

CNS depressant for mild to moderate pain
cough suppressant (medulla of brain)

28
Q

Before/after giving hydrocodone?

A

Before: Assess for respirations
After: Continue to monitor for respirations

29
Q

Interactions with hydrocodone?

A

Alcohol
CNS depressants
St. John’s wort

30
Q

Side effects for hydrocodone?

A

Constipation
Nausea
Drowsiness
Respiratory depression

31
Q

Nursing interventions for hydrocodone?

A

Antidote: Nalaxone, naltrexone (IM, oral)
Monitor for respiratory effort
Encourage fiber & fluids to avoid constipation
Take as prescribed

32
Q

What are the primary drugs to treat migraines?

A

Triptans
Ergot Alkaloids

33
Q

Triptans - Drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Sumatriptan, Almotriptan
Action: Vasoconstriction or cerebral vessels; ABORT migraines
Side effects: Tingling, warm sensation, dizziness, vertigo
Nursing interventions: Monitor CV status

34
Q

Ergot alkaloids - drugs, action, side effects, nursing interventions?

A

Drugs: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine
Action: Used to ABORT migraines when triptans don’t work
Side effects: Weakness, N&V, abnormal pulse, pruritis
Nursing interventions: Monitor CV status, BP

35
Q

Classification of sumatriptan (Imitrex)?

A

Serotonin 5-HT1 receptor agonist

36
Q

Contraindications for sumatriptan (Imitrex)?

A

CV disease
MAOI use
Hypertension
Intracranial bleeding
PVD (vascular diseases)
Hepatic disease

37
Q

Uses/action for sumatriptan (Imitrex)?

A

Causes vasoconstriction of cranial arteries.
Relieves migraine headache, photophobia, N&V associated with migraine.

38
Q

Interactions with sumatriptan (imitrex)?

A

Ergot alkaloids (vasospasm, > BP)
Other serotonin enhancing drugs
St. john’s wort

39
Q

Side effects of sumatriptan (imitrex)?

A

Drowsiness
Dizziness

40
Q

Nursing interventions for sumatriptan (imitrex)?

A

Monitor CV status
Pain relief begins in 10 minutes, complete relief in 2 hrs in 65% of pts
Pain, redness @ injection site < 1 hr

41
Q

Nonpharmacologic techniques for pain management?

A

Acupuncture
Biofeedback
Massage
Heat or cold
meditation
prayer
art or music
relaxation
physical therapy
Natural agents applied to skin

42
Q

Classification for Celecoxib (celebrex)?

A

Selective cox-2 inhibitor

43
Q

Mechanism of action, use, side effects for celecoxib (celebrex)?

A

Mechanism of action: Similar to the NSAIDs
Use: to relieve pain, fever, inflammation
side effects: mild and related to GI system

44
Q

Classification for acetaminophen (tylenol)?

A

Central acting nonopioid analgesic

45
Q

Mechanism of action, use, side effects for acetaminophen (tylenol)?

A

Mechanism of action: to treat fever at the level of the hypothalamus; causes dilation of peripheral blood vessels, enabling sweating and dissipation of heat.
Use: Treatment of fever and to relieve pain
Side effects: uncommon with therapeutic doses; overuse or overdose - liver damage.

46
Q

Classification of tramadol (ultram)?

A

Central acting nonopioid analgesic

47
Q

Mechanism of action, use, side effects of tramadol (ultram)?

A

Mechanism of action: weak opioid activity
use: as centrally acting analgesic
Side effects: CNS, GI and CV effects

Pharm 1 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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