Infant To Pre-school

Question 1

Describe physical growth: give 2 examples

Answer 1

During the 1st 3 months of life infants gain about 2lbs a month. By the end of 1 year the weight is about 3x’s the birth weight and an increase of 1/2 in height.

Question 2

When do decorous teeth start to erupt

Answer 2

6-7 months

Question 3

In psychological development: what is the most important challenge according to Erikson?

Answer 3

Establishment of trust

Question 4

What is meant by bonding?

Answer 4

The attachment to parents and other family caregivers. The feeling of love , nurturing, and connection to other people.

Question 5

Discuss the cognitive and motor development during the first 3 months : give some specific examples

Answer 5

• purposeful movement by 6 weeks
• stops crying when picked up
• expects someone to care for them
• begins to babble when someone is talking to them
• cries to signal needs and stops when satisfied
• have a preferred sleep position (sleeps from 18-20 hours a day)
• by 3 months can reach and look at an object and turn over
• 2-3 months develops a social smile

Question 6

What are the milestones in development for ages 4-8 months?

Answer 6

• learning to sit up with support and begins to coo and respond when spoken to
• they can shed tears
• sleep all night and takes naps during the day
• can hold their head steady and recognize people

Question 7

What are the milestones in development for ages 9-12 months?

Answer 7

• learned to crawl and are curious
• 10 months can pull up, hold on to something and walk around furniture or with both hands being held
• one year olds can hold their bottle and drink out of a cups with spouts
• say simple words
• observant play

Question 8

What is stranger anxiety?

What contributes to it?

Answer 8

Stranger anxiety: unfamiliar people or places are frightening 
Some things that contribute to it are
*temperament : some are just more shy
*past experiences with strangers 
*new places
*how the stranger interacts 
*how many new people there are

Question 9

How does growth differ from infancy?

Answer 9

It is not as rapid , but they develop motor skills as well as psychosocial and cognitive development

Question 10

True or False:

Personality starts to emerge during toddler stage?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the importance of autonomy?

An example of how it can be seen?

Answer 11

It builds self esteem and self pride

It can be seen in the fact that they are walking, playing, and feeding themselves and speaking

Question 12

Solitary play

Answer 12

Children playing alone with their own toys in the same general area, but not next to each other and with no interaction

Question 13

Parallel Play

Answer 13

Two children playing side by side with the same or similar toys, with out interacting with each other

Question 14

4 examples of physical growth for the toddler

Answer 14

• growth slows -the child normally gains 4-6 lbs and 2-3 inches in a year
• great strides made in physical and motor skills
• they have 20 deciduous teeth and are eating table foods
• drinks out of cups with spouts

Question 15

What is the main psychosocial challenge during the toddler period?

Answer 15

Autonomy and independence

Question 16

What are the improvements seen in the verbal skills for the 1 1/2 year old toddler ?

Answer 16

By 1 1/2 a toddler has a vocabulary of 20-30 words but understands many more words

Question 17

What is the favorite word of toddler?

Answer 17

NO

Question 18

Why are these called the “Terrible two’s”

Answer 18

Because of the temper tantrums

Question 19

What are some tips for handling temper tantrums?

Answer 19

Children in public places should be removed from the area, and told that the behavior is not acceptable.
Discipline should be with love and confidence with out getting caught up in out of control emotions

Question 20

What are some examples of what you would notice in a typical toddler?

Answer 20

They are working on it towards potty training, and their emotions are either very happy or very sad

Question 21

By 2 you can expect the child to do certain activities give at least 3 examples

Answer 21

• set up blocks and knock them down
• scribble with crayons
• turn doorknobs
• take off their clothing
• climb stairs without crawling

Question 22

True or Flase:

At age 3 the child’s NO change to Yes?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is considered a major accomplishment for the toddler and explain why

Answer 23

Toilet training

Because it leads to autonomy and independence

Question 24

Why is safety a major concern during these years?

Answer 24

Toddlers are accident prone during this stage because they are exploring more and more reckless.

Question 25

What are some accident prevention tips for the toddler age?

Answer 25

Safety seats
Supervision near water
Keep child away from stove, socket, and hot water
Child proof the home
Keep poison control number on or near all phones at all times

Question 26

What is some pertinent information about toddler sleep habits ?

Answer 26

Most toddlers sleep 12 hours overnight and take naps
Promote regular sleep schedules
Establish bed time routine / rituals

Question 27

What are some characteristics of the preschooler ?

Answer 27

• average weight is 30 to 35 lbs
• average height is 30-36 in
• by 3 the child has reached half of their eventual weight
• their walk is steady
• less top heavy
• physical development slows

Question 28

What is the main psychological challenge during this period?

Answer 28

To acquire initiative

Question 29

What is an example of how the preschooler learns?

Answer 29

Constant talking and asking questions

Question 30

What stage of development did Freud identify for preschoolers?

Answer 30

Oedipal stage

Question 31

Are there differences between the way boys and girls play during the preschool period? Explain why

Answer 31

Yes, girls tend to play with dolls, and play quietly where as boys like to plainly with trucks, balls and have rough loud games.

Question 32

True or False:

The average 5 year old tends to feel comfortable with themselves and their relationship with others

Answer 32

True

Question 33

List motor skills and behaviors you would expect to see during the preschool period

Answer 33

• can dress themselves
• manage buttons and zippers
• can draw recognizable forms
• can climb stairs with alternating feet
• learning to count or identify objects in pictures
• 3-4 vocabulary increases to about 1000 -2000 words
• boys tend to fight more physically where as girls yell more
• age 5 knows their full address and phone number
• can ride a trike

Question 34

What is sibling rivalry?

Answer 34

Sibling rivalry is caused when a new baby enters the home and they are no longer the “baby”

Question 35

What might you expect to see regarding sibling rivalry?

Answer 35

It is seen in jealousy and regression in the older sibling

Question 36

How can a caregiver help with sibling rivalry?

Answer 36

• The child needs reassurances of love
• understanding that these regressive or competitive behaviors stem from conflicting emotions and new stressors
• individualized attention and interest in the child’s daily activities

Question 37

What should a child be taught about masturbation?

Ex is it normal or abnormal?

Answer 37

Masturbation is normal however it cannot be done in a public place it is a private behavior

Question 38

What is Enuresis?

Answer 38

Bed wetting

Question 39

How can a caregiver help with enuresis?

Answer 39

The caregiver can help by waking the child up in the middle of the night or restricting fluids between the evening meal and bed time

Question 40

What is meant by object permanence ?

Answer 40

A child has the understanding that just because a object is out of sight it continues to exists. The most commons example is the game peek-a-boo