Infant Reflexes

Question 1

What is the stimulus for the Palmar Grasp Reflex?

Answer 1

Pressure in palm on ulnar side of hand

Question 2

What is the response for the Galant Reflex?

Answer 2

Lateral Flexion of trunk to side of stimulus

Question 3

What is the response for the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)?

Answer 3

“Fencers Pose” Face side: arm and leg extended Scalp side: arm and leg flexed

Question 4

What are the negative effects if the Walking (Stepping) Reflex does not integrate?

Answer 4

Interferes with:

• Standing
• Walking
• Balance reactions
• Development of smooth reciprocal movements

Question 5

What is the response for the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)?

Answer 5

Head in Flexion: arms flexed, legs extended

Head in Extension: arms extended, legs flexed

Question 6

What is the normal age range for the Galant Reflex?

Answer 6

30 weeks gestation - 2 months

Question 7

What are the negative effects if Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) does not integrate?

Answer 7

Interferes with

• Feeding
• Visual tracking
• Hands to midline
• Bilateral hand use
• Rolling
• Development of crawling
• Can lead to skeletal deformities

Question 8

What is the response for the Plantar Grasp Reflex?

Answer 8

Toe flexion

Question 9

What is the response for the Moro or Startle Reflex?

Answer 9

Arms abduct, then cross trunk in adduction -> cry

Moro: fingers open

Startle: fingers closed

Question 10

What is the stimulus for the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)?

Answer 10

Head position: flexion or extension

Question 11

What is the response for the Rooting Reflex?

Answer 11

Turning head toward stimulus with mouth open

Question 12

What is the stimulus for the Walking (Stepping) Reflex?

Answer 12

Supported upright position with soles of feet on firm surface

Question 13

What is the stimulus for the Moro or Startle Reflex?

Answer 13

Moro: Drop head into extension for a few inches

Startle: Loud, sudden noise

Question 14

What are the negative effects if the Rooting Reflex does not integrate?

Answer 14

Interferes with:

• Oral-motor development
• Midline control of head
• Optical righting, visual tracking & social interaction

Question 15

What is the normal age range for the Plantar Grasp Reflex?

Answer 15

28 weeks gestation - 9 months

*Last to integrate*

Question 16

What is the normal age range for Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) response?

Answer 16

6 months - 9 months

Question 17

What is the stimulus for the Rooting Reflex?

Answer 17

Touch cheek

Question 18

What are the negative effects if Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) does not integrate?

Answer 18

Interferes with:

• Prone prop
• Quadruped
• Reciprocal crawling
• Sitting balance when looking around
• Use of hands in sitting

Question 19

What is the response for the Positive Support (Standing) Reflex?

Answer 19

Stiffening of legs and trunk into extension

Question 20

What are the negative effects if the Positive Support (Standing) Reflex does not integrate?

Answer 20

Interferes with:

• Standing
• Walking
• Balance reactions
• can lead to contractures

Question 21

What is the normal age range for the Positive Support (Standing) Reflex?

Answer 21

35 weeks gestation - 2 months

Question 22

What are the negative effects if the Palmar Grasp Reflex does not integrate?

Answer 22

Interferes with:

• Voluntary grasp/release
• Weight bearing on open hand
• Protective responses

Question 23

What are the negative effects if the Plantar Grasp Reflex does not integrate?

Answer 23

Interferes with:

• Stand with flat feet
• Balance reactions
• Weight shift

Question 24

What are the negative effects if the Moro or Startle Reflex does not integrate?

Answer 24

Interferes with:

• Balance reactions
• Protective responses
• Hand-eye coordination
• Visual tracking

Question 25

What are the negative effects if the Galant Reflex does not integrate?

Answer 25

Interferes with: - Sitting balance - Can lead to scoliosis

Question 26

What is the stimulus for the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)?

Answer 26

Position of labyrinth in ear - reflected in head position

Question 27

What is the response for the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)?

Answer 27

Supine: body and extremities in extension Prone: body and extremities in flexion

Question 28

What is the normal age range for Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) response?

Answer 28

Birth - 6 mons

Question 29

What is the normal age response for the Palmar Grasp Reflex?

Answer 29

Birth - 4 months

Question 30

What is the stimulus for the Positive Support (Standing) Reflex?

Answer 30

Weight placed on balls of feet when upright

Question 31

What is the response for the Palmar Grasp Reflex?

Answer 31

Flexion of fingers causing strong grip

Question 32

What is the normal age range for the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)?

Answer 32

Birth - 6 months

Question 33

What is the stimulus for the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)?

Answer 33

Head position, turned to one side

Question 34

What is the normal age range for the Walking (Stepping) Reflex?

Answer 34

38 weeks - 2 months

Question 35

What is the response for the Walking (Stepping) Reflex?

Answer 35

Reciprocal flexion/extension of legs

Question 36

What is the stimulus for the Galant Reflex?

Answer 36

Touch skin along spine from shoulder to hip

Question 37

What are the negative effects if the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR) does not integrate?

Answer 37

Interferes with: - Initiate rolling - Prone prop on elbows - Flex trunk and hips to come to sitting - Full extension inhibits standing/walking

Question 38

What is the normal age range for the Rooting Reflex?

Answer 38

28 weeks gestation - 3 months

Question 39

What is the stimuus for the Plantar Grasp Reflex?

Answer 39

Pressure to base of toes

Question 40

What is the normal age range for the Moro or Startle Reflex?

Answer 40

28 weeks gestation - 5 months