Infant Reflexes Flashcards
What is the stimulus for the Palmar Grasp Reflex?
Pressure in palm on ulnar side of hand
What is the response for the Galant Reflex?
Lateral Flexion of trunk to side of stimulus
What is the response for the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)?
“Fencers Pose” Face side: arm and leg extended Scalp side: arm and leg flexed
What are the negative effects if the Walking (Stepping) Reflex does not integrate?
Interferes with:
- Standing
- Walking
- Balance reactions
- Development of smooth reciprocal movements
What is the response for the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)?
Head in Flexion: arms flexed, legs extended
Head in Extension: arms extended, legs flexed
What is the normal age range for the Galant Reflex?
30 weeks gestation - 2 months
What are the negative effects if Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) does not integrate?
Interferes with
- Feeding
- Visual tracking
- Hands to midline
- Bilateral hand use
- Rolling
- Development of crawling
- Can lead to skeletal deformities
What is the response for the Plantar Grasp Reflex?
Toe flexion
What is the response for the Moro or Startle Reflex?
Arms abduct, then cross trunk in adduction -> cry
Moro: fingers open
Startle: fingers closed
What is the stimulus for the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)?
Head position: flexion or extension
What is the response for the Rooting Reflex?
Turning head toward stimulus with mouth open
What is the stimulus for the Walking (Stepping) Reflex?
Supported upright position with soles of feet on firm surface
What is the stimulus for the Moro or Startle Reflex?
Moro: Drop head into extension for a few inches
Startle: Loud, sudden noise
What are the negative effects if the Rooting Reflex does not integrate?
Interferes with:
- Oral-motor development
- Midline control of head
- Optical righting, visual tracking & social interaction
What is the normal age range for the Plantar Grasp Reflex?
28 weeks gestation - 9 months
*Last to integrate*
What is the normal age range for Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) response?
6 months - 9 months
What is the stimulus for the Rooting Reflex?
Touch cheek
What are the negative effects if Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) does not integrate?
Interferes with:
- Prone prop
- Quadruped
- Reciprocal crawling
- Sitting balance when looking around
- Use of hands in sitting
What is the response for the Positive Support (Standing) Reflex?
Stiffening of legs and trunk into extension
What are the negative effects if the Positive Support (Standing) Reflex does not integrate?
Interferes with:
- Standing
- Walking
- Balance reactions
- can lead to contractures
What is the normal age range for the Positive Support (Standing) Reflex?
35 weeks gestation - 2 months
What are the negative effects if the Palmar Grasp Reflex does not integrate?
Interferes with:
- Voluntary grasp/release
- Weight bearing on open hand
- Protective responses
What are the negative effects if the Plantar Grasp Reflex does not integrate?
Interferes with:
- Stand with flat feet
- Balance reactions
- Weight shift
What are the negative effects if the Moro or Startle Reflex does not integrate?
Interferes with:
- Balance reactions
- Protective responses
- Hand-eye coordination
- Visual tracking
What are the negative effects if the Galant Reflex does not integrate?
Interferes with:
- Sitting balance
- Can lead to scoliosis
What is the stimulus for the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)?
Position of labyrinth in ear - reflected in head position
What is the response for the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)?
Supine: body and extremities in extension
Prone: body and extremities in flexion
What is the normal age range for Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) response?
Birth - 6 mons
What is the normal age response for the Palmar Grasp Reflex?
Birth - 4 months
What is the stimulus for the Positive Support (Standing) Reflex?
Weight placed on balls of feet when upright
What is the response for the Palmar Grasp Reflex?
Flexion of fingers causing strong grip
What is the normal age range for the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)?
Birth - 6 months
What is the stimulus for the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)?
Head position, turned to one side
What is the normal age range for the Walking (Stepping) Reflex?
38 weeks - 2 months
What is the response for the Walking (Stepping) Reflex?
Reciprocal flexion/extension of legs
What is the stimulus for the Galant Reflex?
Touch skin along spine from shoulder to hip
What are the negative effects if the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR) does not integrate?
Interferes with:
- Initiate rolling
- Prone prop on elbows
- Flex trunk and hips to come to sitting
- Full extension inhibits standing/walking
What is the normal age range for the Rooting Reflex?
28 weeks gestation - 3 months
What is the stimuus for the Plantar Grasp Reflex?
Pressure to base of toes
What is the normal age range for the Moro or Startle Reflex?
28 weeks gestation - 5 months
