infant perception Input Flashcards
Features of IDS
attention, emotional affect, language-specific phonological information
CDS is universal
Fernald 1992: most cultures (although limited testing); produced by all ages and carers older than infant =. Prosodic patterns in IDS are universally markers of basic emotions, and consistent rise fall patterns
Cristia 2010: suprasegmental characteristics
prosody, higher mean F0, larger Fx range, enhanced intonation patterns, shorter utterances and longer pauses
Kuhl 1997: expanded vowel space- enhancing phonemic contrasts
is CDS for teaching or only affective? Burnham 2002
Both! compared PDS and IDS- only IDS showed vowel hyper-articulation; only necessary for IDS not PDS (not just affective)
Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of CDS
McMurray 2014- counter arguments suggest segment seen result from reduction in speech rate; enhanced VOT; account for by slower speaking rate
McMurray 2013: variance within vowel categories not a clear message anymore
Adaptive characteristics of IDS
to stage of dev- more pitch exursion in early infancy- more overlap of VOT values for voiced stops than in late infancy (Sundberg & Lacerda, 1999; Baran 1977)
- in line with Lindblom dynamic adaptations
Changes in prosodic enhancements- more exagerated to younger children but becomes more disinct at 2.5y (Vousoughi and roy 12)
Smith and Trainor 2008
Woman speaking to baby but baby’s response is being created by person in room- can reinforce high pitch in mothers IDS (done in response to baby’s response)
Liu 2003
IDS in 6-8m is less than at 10-12m.
correlation in vowel expansion in speech of mandarin mothers to their infants, and their infant’s discrimination of native affricate-fricative contrast. - more extreme IDS learns faster land language develops quicker.
Kaplan 2002
Impact of pitch- depressed mothers (monotone) or not. non-depressed condition learnt quicker, BUT no difference if had depressed mothers so more about context or unfamiliarity
- expression/animation?
IDS + social interaction?
Kuhl 2003: chinese IDS used wiht the english speaking infants; difference between real human, video or audio – reacting to child is best for learning despite same input
Replicated: Roseberry 2014
Joint attention for IDS is very important
Tomasello:
- predict later success, most important for first year.. but ASD don’t have this and still learn but do have delayed language?
Autism effect on IDS
Watson et al 2013: reduced attention during CDS compared to age matched peers, not influenced by live/no live looking times.
CHILDES
child language data exchange system- (MAcWhinney) massive corpus of videos of IDS lots of examples of IDS; cross linguistic
TalkBank
Transcript and media data from conversations with adults and older children
Individual variation
mothers utterances varied substantially, produced between 1000 and 3200 words per hours. One study based on recording of 78 mothers monthly over a 6m period, estimated an average daily expsure of 113000 words with a SD of 4200 words (Gilkerson and richards 2007)
huge differences!
