Deaf speech perception development Flashcards
Sirrimanna 2007
Permanent congenital hearing loss; sensorineural= dysfunctioanl cochlear.
Perception is poor frequency resolution, poor hearing threshold, limited dynamic range.
what does PCHL impact?
post-birth: limited exposure, statistical learning, social interaction, perceptual space and language general> specific information
pre-birth: can’t hear womb rhythm and indexical info
What is the NHSP?
Newborn hearing screening programme: screened for deafness at brith- lowered diagnosis from 20m>3m
what is the nhsp procedure?
OAE: automated otoacoustic emissions (cochlear echo), then ABR: auditory brainstem response test (brain activity in response to sound)
NICE recommends 2 CIs for profoundly deaf, if HAs not helpful, or if blind and need it for spatial awareness
How do digital hearing aids work?
Amplification; microphone receives input, computer adjusts this for idividual frequency response; speaker amplifies
How do cochlear implants work?
microphone gets input, processor converts to digital information, then transmitted internally to surgically implant; changes to electric signals to inner ear/cochlear and stimulates the auditory nerve as necessary
- 24 electrodes, 12 channels: for more complete sound
Houston 2003
CI are able to discriminate contrasts reliably and similar to NH, better than no implantation but not perfect
(habituation to sound, change sound and react by looking)
Kondaurova 2013
Mothers are sensitive to age and linguistic experience: modify IDS so more like normal for after CI - to experience of child not age
- Mothers fine tune communicative intent to their childs’ developmental stage
- Adjust affective qualities to infants hearing experience rather than their chronological age.
- 3 sessions over 12 months period after implantation
Lam and Kitamura 2010
Mother with NH and HI twins- at 12m and 22m: more focused on attention for HI (exaggerate prosody and doesnt bother hyper-articulating vowels)- important for intervention; miss vital part of IDS
- study is good ltnl natural design and controlled
Lam and Kitamura 2012
N48, child can fully, partially or not hear mother. Hyper articulation corr with hearing not affected by mothers’ knowledge SO child’s response cues richness of response.
Speech production outcomes
Speech prod is a function of age of implantation.
Tobey 2013: N160; age of CI impacts vocabulary size, syntax, pragmatic judgements. Before 2.5 months- vital!
Habib 2010: N=40; children aged 8-40m; those with CI before 2 had 80% intelligibility at 6yo, but not true for all after 2y
Siniger 2010: N44: CI is best intervention for communication outcomes for parent-child interaction
Speech perception outcomes
Tajudeen 2010: N117; earlier CI better- literal advantage for each year but no significant difference in outcome for ‘hearing age’
Holt and Svirsky 2008: better outcomes before 1y but only small effect size and only evident in recepive lagnuage not expressive-
Sensitive period: spoken language seemingly 4yo, but not word recognition/perception- more likely catch up!
Modes of education for deaf children?
Auditory/oral: oral communication focus
Total communication: combination of mediums (oral, SSE, finger spelling)
Bilingual: substantial BSL, english as L2- most are integrated to mainstream schools so end up with this.
SEN implications for Deaf children:
CRIDE 2014: 87% of deaf are oral only; 9% deaf only. Only 1000 teachers qualified to teach for deaf- declined to 3% of staff. 59% of teaching service do not have a teacher with BSL level 3
Geers 2003
Dunni 2014
Teaching with auditory/ oral focus has good outcomes for CI children; improves speech intelligibility
Better syntax and english vocab- matthew effect.
D: seem to catch up by 7yo
Issues with oral/sign teaching
Percy-smith 2008: Children exposed to spoken language score higher on SLT assessment than sign (are the tests not suitable/ adapted for their language?)
Controversial to teach oral- isolate from Deaf community
Johnson and Goshwami 2008
N43: early CI, late CI, controls (NH, HA): age of CI had effect on reading age and vocab associated factors (visual modality, speech intelligibility)- necessary intervention to aid factors necessary or reading
Svirsky 2000
CI facilitates english language skills: rate of language development exceeded unimpaired children. ie bets performers used oral system based on CI auditory input
Svisky 2004
developmental trajectory analysis: language development and speech perception in cI age 1,2,3: before 2 years were best practically and statistically: sensitive period of language acquisition.
Connor 2006
Vocab growth for early implantation- speech and vocab advance when CI before 2.5 years– burst of growth after CI implantation: diminishes systematically with age of CI.
Niparko 2010
Pimperton 2014
CI improves speech production and perception outcomes
Early identification and implantation is very important
Mutter 2004
Causal impact on phonological encoding on reading outcomes; only truly have this ability with some kind of hearing (eg from CI)
Huttenlocker 1991
language exposure correlates with language growth- bad news for deaf people
Hazan 1991
ltnl study- not as relevant now as early identification- oral school for deaf children, families interact with deaf children normally (orally) do best at school– a lot of input is most important
