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PEDS > Infant G/D > Flashcards

Infant G/D Flashcards

1
Q

How much weight will an infant lose 3-4 days after birth

A

5-10%

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2
Q

what is the causes of weight loss of an infant post birth

A
  • withdrawal of hormones from mother
  • loss of excessive extra cellular fluid
  • passage of meconium (feces) and urine
  • Limited food intake
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3
Q

Size of newborn stomach at days 1;3, wekk 1; and 1 month

A

day 1 : cherry - 5-7 ml
day 3 : walnut - 22-27 ml
1 week: apricot - 45-60 ml
1 month: egg - 80-150 ml

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4
Q

newborn vs 1 yr: RR;HR;BP

A

NB: RR = 30-60 min; HR 120-160; BP 80/40

1yr: RR = 23-30;HR 100-120: BP 100/60

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5
Q

how long is fetal hemoglobin present in infants

A

5 months

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6
Q

T/F fetal hemoglobin has a shorter lifespan of RBCs but carries more O2

A

True

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7
Q

when does maternal iron stores diminish

A

5-6 months

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8
Q

When does digestive enzymes begin to function in infants

A

3 months - 6 months

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9
Q

why do infants drool

A

poorly coordinated swallow reflex

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10
Q

when do amylase and lipase begin functioning

A

4-6 months

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11
Q

Vision Growth @ birth to 1M

A
  • follows object to midline
  • can see 8-10 inches away
  • prefers black/white images
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12
Q

Vision @ 2M

A

can lift and look BUT CANNOT cross midline

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13
Q

Vision @ 3M

A

interested in faces

begins to associate with visual stimuli and events

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14
Q

Vision @ 4M

A

CAN FOLLOW PAST MIDLINE;
hand regard;
recognizes familiar objects;
follows parents

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15
Q

vision @ 6M

A

directed reach;

depth perception

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16
Q

Vision @ 10M

A

Object Permanence

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17
Q

Hand control @ 7 months

A

can transfer objects from hand to hand

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18
Q

Hearing @ 3-6M

A

localizes sound:

begins to understand FEW words

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19
Q

hearing @ 6-12 months

A

says first meaningful word

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20
Q

hearing at 12M

A

hears and follow simple commands

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21
Q

When does the first deciduous tooth occur

A

5-6 M

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22
Q

Taste in infants

A

well developed as bitter and sour fluids are resisted while sweet is accepted

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23
Q

Head control @ 1 M;3M;4-6 M

A 
1= marked head lag
3 = can hold head up
4-6 = well established head control
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24
Q

Age at which infant rolls from belly to back

A

5M

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25
Q

Age at which infant rolls from back to belly

A

6M

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26
Q

Infant can sit with support

A

by 6M

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27
Q

infant can sit alone leaning forward on their hands for support

A

by 7M

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28
Q

infants can sit unsupported

A

by 8M

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29
Q

Infant can go into a sitting position from prone or supiine

A

by 10M

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30
Q

Why is tummy time important

A

helps can control of muscles in head and neck

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31
Q

Infant locomotion @ 4-6M; 6-7M; 8-10M; 9 M 11M; 10-12M ; 12M

A

4-6 = increased coordination in arms; able to push themselves backwards with arms

6-7 = can bear all of their weight on legs

8-10 = can crawl forward on belly first

9 = stands holding furniture

11 = able to creep on hands and knee

10-12M = Cruises ; can sit from upright position

12 M = walks well with one hand held

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32
Q

When do most babies walk well

A

by 15 months

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33
Q

are walkers recommended for infants

A

NO; can put them at risk for injury

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34
Q

hands are predominantly closed around what age

A

1 month

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35
Q

when to infants desire to grasp

A

3 months

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36
Q

two handed; voluntary grasps are seen around

A

5 months

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37
Q

intentionally bringing things to mouth

A

4-6 months

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38
Q

age when infant will hold bottle, and grasp feet

A

6 months

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39
Q

infant will transfer from hand to hand

A

7M

40
Q

when do pincer grasp begin to develop? and when are they refined?

A

develops by 8-9 M and refined by 11-12M

41
Q

Presentation (head, body movement) @ 2 months

A

Holds head erect in mid-position;

turns from side back

42
Q

presentation (head,grasps) @ 3 months

A

hold head erect and steady;

43
Q

presentation @ 4 months

A 
sit with adequate support
/
roll over from front to back
/
hold head erect and steady while in sitting position
/
bring hands together in midline and plays with fingers
/
grasp objects with both hands
44
Q

presentation @ 5 months

A 
balance head well when sitting
/
sit with slight support
/
pulls feet up to mouth when supine
/
grasp objects with whole hand
/
hold one object while looking at another
45
Q

presentation @ 6 months

A 
sit alone briefly
/
turn completely over
/
lift chest and upper abdomen when prone
/
hold own bottle
46
Q

presentation @ 7 months

A 
sit alone
/
hold cup
/
imitate simple acts of others
47
Q

presentation @ 8 months

A 
sit alone steadily
/
drink from cup with assistance
/
eat finger foods
48
Q

presentation @ 9 months

A 
rise to sitting position alone
/
crawl (ARMY CRAWL)
/
hold one bottle with good hand-mouth coordination
49
Q

presentation @ 10 months

A 
creep well
/
walk but with help
/
brings hands together
/
object permenance
50
Q

presentation @ 11 months

A

walk holding on furniture
/
stand erect with minimal support

51
Q

presentation @ 12 months

A 
stand alone for variable length of time
/
sit down from standing position alone
/
walk in few steps with help
/
pick up small bits of food and transfer them to mouth
52
Q

kohlberg stage of infancy

A

preconventional morality-obedience and punishment orientation

53
Q

erikson stage of infancy

A

trust vs mistrust

54
Q

piaget stage of infancy

A

sensorimotor

55
Q

4 substages of sensorimotor in infancy

A

reflexive - birth - 1m
primary circular reactions - 1m -4m
secondary circular reactions 4m-8m
coordination of secondary 9m-12m

56
Q

what influences infant sexuality

A 
heightened oral sensitivity
/
skin to skin contact
/
acceptance by parents
57
Q

In social development of an infant what does Attachment depend on

A

ability to discriminate the mother from others and on the development of object permanence

58
Q

waht is parent infant attachment critical to

A

mental health

59
Q

what are 4 things we see in social development of infants

A 
crying brings attention
/
smiling in response to others smiling
/
fear of strangers
/
responds to their name
60
Q

behaviors that influence attachment

A 
different crying, smiling, and vocalization
/
crying when mother leaves room
/
looking more at mother
/
approaching through locomotion
/
clinging
/
exploring away but using mother as a base
61
Q

what age is social smile seen

A

6-8 wks

62
Q

social development @ 1 wk;6-8 wks; 3M; 6M; 7M

A 
1 wk = show preference for human face
/
6-8wk = social smile
/
3M = show excitement at new things
/
6M = personable and interactive 
/
7M = imitate actions and noises; shows displeasure
63
Q

social development @ 8M; 10 M; 12 M

A

8M = imitating sounds usually constants first
/
10M = play games like pat a cake and peekaboo
/
9-10 M = understand simple commands
/
12M = very interactive; show pleasure and displeasure; do somethings themselves

64
Q

Can infants go through social withdrawls?

A

yes, during first 3 years if prolonged separation occurs physical growth may slow, and more prone to sickness

65
Q

stages of social separation withdrawl

A 
protest
/
despair
/
detachment
66
Q

what is reactive attachment disorder

A

occurs after maladaptive or absent attachement

67
Q

what may reactive attachment disorder lead to

A

antisocial behavior

68
Q

what age does stranger fear occur

A

6-7 months

69
Q

what age does separation anxiety occur

A

9-10 months ; peak around 12 months

70
Q

when is hearing and touch well developed

A

at birth

71
Q

sight is not fully developed until when

A

6 years

72
Q

smiling happens at what age

A

2M

73
Q

searching and turning head to locate sounds happends by

A

2M

74
Q

taste preferences happen by

A

6M

75
Q

responds to own name by

A

7M

76
Q

able to follow objects by

A

12M

77
Q

can vocalize 4 words by

A

1 Year

78
Q

When are emotions beginning to be recognizable

A

10-12 months

79
Q

What stress out an infant

A

loss of caregivers

loud noises

lights

sudden movements

80
Q

infants sleep in first 4 months

A

16-20 hrs

81
Q

sleep by 5 months

A

sleep through night with 2 daytime naps

82
Q

play in 3-6 month

A

shows discriminant interest; 4 months laugh aloud

focus on sensory stimulation

solitary play

83
Q

play 7-12 months

A

discriminate between who and what they play with

focus on sense of security; sensory stim ; gross and fine motor stim ; begin causal relationship; object permanence

becoming more interactive

(blocks, nesting toys, Soft rubbery ball)

84
Q

crying in first 3 weeks

A

1 to 1.5 hrs/day

85
Q

crying @ 6 weeks

A

2-4 hrs /day

86
Q

vocalization begins at

A

5-6 wks

87
Q

Language @ 2M

A

coos, cry is differentiated

88
Q

Language @ 3-4M

A

consonant sounds, laughs alound

89
Q

Language @ 5-7 M

A

vowel sounds

90
Q

Language @ 8M

A

imitating sounds, combining syllables

91
Q

Language @9-10 m

A

understand simple commands and “no”

92
Q

Language @12 m

A

can say 3-5 words with meaning BESIDES mama and dada

93
Q

red flags in infant development

A

Unable to transfer objects from hand to hand by age 1 year
/
Abnormal pincer grip or grasp by age 15 months
/
Unable to walk alone by 18 months
/
Failure to speak recognizable words by 2 years.

94
Q

patterns of temperament in infants

A 
Easy Child
/
Slow to Warm Up
/
Difficult child
/
95
Q

infant discipline happens around what age

A

6-18M

PEDS (8 decks)

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