Infancy : Cognitive Development

Question 1

Why might newborns possess an imitation reflex?

Answer 1

• It contributes to caregiver-infant bonding
• It helps ensure survival of the newborn
• It may be due to “Mirror Neurons” in the human brain

Question 2

Elliot left his backpack on the bus to school this morning. Even though his backpack is not at school with him, he still knows it exists on the bus. This demonstrates which of Piaget’s concepts?

Answer 2

Object permanence

Question 3

Rovee-Collier and her colleagues (1993) tied one end of a ribbon to a brightly colored mobile and tied the other end ties to an infant’s ankle. What did these studies measure?

Answer 3

Memory

Question 4

Syntax refers to

Answer 4

the order in which words are used

Question 5

What is the relationship between MLU and chronological age?

Answer 5

As chronological age increases, MLU tends to increase

Question 6

Telegraphic speech is characterized by

Answer 6

Nouns, verbs, and some modifiers

Question 7

How well do infant IQ tests, such as the Bayley scales, predict later school success?

Answer 7

Performance on the Bayley language items predict language skills at ages 6-8

Question 8

According to B.F. Skinner, when parents require that children’s utterances of words be progressively closer to actual words before they are reinforced, this is called

Answer 8

Shaping

Question 9

Leah, a 9-month-old infant, watches as her mother pushes a button on a toy and the toy beeps. Several hours later, Leah pushes the button and the toy beeps. This is an example of

Answer 9

Deferred imitation

Question 10

Research on infant-directed speech indicates that

Answer 10

it is used in many diverse languages

Question 11

Wyatt has learned that his round ball is called a toy. When Wyatt sees an orange or a grapefruit, he calls these toys as well. His thought process BEST represents

Answer 11

assimilation

Question 12

According to psycho linguistic theory, language acquisition

Answer 12

is related to both inborn tendencies and environmental influences

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE?

Answer 13

Receptive vocabulary generally exceeds expressive vocabulary

Question 14

How do primary and secondary circular reactions differ?

Answer 14

Primary focus on the body, whereas secondary focus on the environment

Question 15

Referential language style focuses on _____, whereas expressive language style focuses on ______.

Answer 15

objects; social interactions

Question 16

Susan Rose and her colleagues (2001) showed that visual recognition memory is

Answer 16

somewhat stable from age to age

Question 17

In which substage of sensorimotor development would you first witness goal-directed behavior?

Answer 17

coordination of secondary schemes

Question 18

Infants begin cooing

Answer 18

during the second month of their life 6-8 weeks

Question 19

Which is the BEST example of a simple reflex?

Answer 19

Turning toward the source of a loud noise

Question 20

Emma is 7 months old. She shakes a rattle so it will make a noise she likes. This is an example of

Answer 20

Secondary circular reaction