chapter 6b Flashcards
Learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences is called _____.
a. operant conditioning Correct
The BEST method parents can use to get their children to do their chores is to _____.
c. reward them after they do the chores Correct
The addition of a(n) _____ stimulus results in positive reinforcement; whereas the subtraction of a(n) _____ stimulus results in negative reinforcement.
d. desirable; painful or annoying Correct
Secondary reinforcers increase the probability of a response, and _____
c. are based on prior learning of their reinforcing properties Correct
Continuous reinforcement is “better” when it comes to _____; partial reinforcement is “better” when it comes to _____.
b. initial learning of a behavior; resistance to extinction Correct
When you take aspirin to remove a headache, the removal of pain is _____.
b. negative reinforcement Correct
_____ increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur, whereas _____ decreases that likelihood.
b. Reinforcement; punishment Correct
Consequences are a critical element in _____ conditioning.
a. operant Correct
Taking away a stimulus that strengthens or increases a response is called _____.
b. negative reinforcement Correct
Primary reinforcers _____.
b. b and c Correct
A weekly paycheck would be an example of a ____________ schedule.
d. fixed interval Correct
When you put nickels in a gum-ball machine, you receive _____ reinforcement; when you put nickels in a slot machine, you receive _____ reinforcement.
c. continuous; partial Correct
A program that designates the rate or interval at which a response is reinforced is called a _____.
d. schedule of reinforcement Correct
For most people, money and praise are _____ reinforcers
secondary
When reinforcement follows a predetermined number of responses, it is a _____ schedule of reinforcement, compared to a _____ schedule in which reinforcement follows the first response after a predetermined period of time has elapsed.
a. fixed ratio; fixed interval Correct
