INFANCY Flashcards
Expected weight gain per week for first 6 months
5-7 oz
Double birth weight by?
6 months
Triples birth weight by?
1 year (average 21.5 pounds, or 9.75kg); breast fed infants gain less weight but catch up
Grasp objects?
2-3 months
Transfers objects between hands?
7 months
Uses a pincer grasp
10 months (pick up a raisin)
Removes objects from container?
11 months
Builds a tower of two blocks?
12 months
Head Control
3 months
Roll over
5-6 months
Sit alone leaning forward on their hands for support
7months
Move from prone to sitting position
10 months
RED FLAG: Head lag 6 months
Should hold up complete at 6 months
Direction of develpment
Cephalocaudal
Crawling?
6-7 months; crawls forward and backward by 10 mos
Creep (alter arms & legs, moving forward)
9 months
Walk with assistance (furniture)
11 months
Walk alone
12 months
Erikson: birth to 1 year
Trust vs Mistrust: acquring sense of trust while overcoming sense of distrust. First 3-4 months food intake is most important social activity (for trust). Next is reaching out through grasping and than more active phase that follows includes biting (teething, oral stage)
Piaget:Birth to 2 years
Sensorimotor stage: sucks thumb -feels gratified, so sucks some mroe; squeeze toy and it quacks, squeezes again; imitation, play, affect
3things occur: separation, object permanence and mental representation
Freud: self-gratification, birth to 1 year
Oral Stage: need to have oral needs met
Separation Anxiety
4-8 months baby tells self from mother, 11-12 months anticipates mom leaving, resolves by 2 years
Stranger Fear
Onset is 6-8 months
Cyring
decreases by 12 weeks
Crying for attention
12 months
Throaty, coo & babble, 2 syllable sound
2mo, 3-4mos, 6 mos initiates sounds
put meanings to sounds
10-11 mos
Understand “no”
9-10 mos
expresses 5 words, receives 100
at 12 mos
Play: primarily narcissitic, revolves around boday
3-6mos undifferentiated play, 4 mos -laugh, 6-12 mo sensorimotor play
Teething
Lower central incisors 6-8 mos followed by upper. REMEMBER: age of child in months minus 6 months = # of teeth so 8months -6= 2 teeth
Infant shoes
born with flat feet, arches develop with weight-bearing, shoes for protection at first, soft, flexible
Breast milk should be only food
first 6 months
If breast fed
iron supplements 4-6 mos
Second 6 months of breast feeding?
continue, start iron foritifed rice cereal, veggies, then fruit add every 5-7 days.
Sleep training method
lead children through series of predictables, pleasant, quiet bedtime rituals. Associate bedtime routine with being drowsy
Graduated extinction
Put baby down while still awake, stay with baby until they fall asleep, gradually/progressively pay less attention
Dental health
Cleanings begins when primary teeth erupt, fluoride at 6 months, if poor water supply
Immunization: birth
hep B
Immunization: 2 months
HepB, Tdap, Hib, IPV, PCV, RV
Immunization: 4 months
HepB, Tdap, Hib, IPV, PCV, RV
Immunization: 6 months
Hep B (6-18), Tdap, Hib, IPV (6-18), PCV, RV (done)
Immunization: 12 months
Tdap (12-18), Hib (12-15), IPV , PCV (12-15),
Start: MMR, VARICELLA, HepA (2 doses 6 mo apart)
VAERS
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System - to report any adverse reactions after administration of any vaccine
Colic
paroxysmal abdominal pain : therp mgmt:change formula, decrease stimuli, meds: sedatives, antispasmodics, simethicone)
No tx: some like to be bounced, swayed, car rides
Growth Failure: Organic vs Nonorganic
Organic FTT: (within system, cant gaini weight) CHD, neuro lesions, CP, GERD
Nonorganic FTT: (deprived child on purpose) psychosocial factors, maternal knowledge
Diagnostic evals: evidence of growth failure, charts, food diary, activity chart, parents stature, lab tests: lead, anemia, stool
Treat: aimed at correcting cause-treat malnutrition, parent education
Prognosis: depends on age, age at dx, delays present
SIDS: sudden infant death syndrome
no known etiology, 3rd leading cause of infant death in US, risk factors: prone sleeping, soft bedding, parental smoking. Primary nursing responsiblity is parental education and modeling appropriate behavior
Apnea and ALTE (apparent life threatening events
Unexplained respiratory pause of 20 seconds or more; infats with ALTE’s are evaluated for underlying cause
positional plagiocephaly
baby sleeps in the same position repeatedly; prevent be tummy time
Renal Function
Glomerular filtration rate increases sharply after birth and first two weeks of life. Graudally improves and need to monitor I&O and hydration status
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Rare; persistent failure or response to social stimuli in developmentally appropriate way; may result from neglect, abuse, abrupt separation
Development of body image occurs
from infancy to 1 year of age
Social development is guided by
attachment, language, social behavior, and play
temperament influences..
social interaction
Height average 6mo & 12 mo
6mo=65 cm 12mo=74cm
Head circumference 6 & 12
6mo=43cm 12mo=46cm
The chest circumference equals HC by end of first year of life
Posterior fontanel fuse
6-8 weeks
Aneterior Fontanel close
12-18 months
VS: Heart rate
100-170 - nb; 6mo 80-130
VS: Resp rate
30-80 - nb; 20-40
VS:BP
73.55 -90/56
VS: temp
36.5-37.2 (97.7 - 98.9)
hands closed
1 month
hands open
3 months (if cant open by 6 months=RED FLAG)
Palmer grasp is replaced by
pincer grasp at 5 months
6 months
able to hold bottles, grasp their feet and pull them to mouth
sits well unsupported
8 months and try to explore surrounding area
propel themselves backward by pushing with arms
4-6 mos
bear weight on their legs with assistance
6-7 mos
Whole MILK introduced
12 months
Solid food introduced
5-6 months, one food at a time, wait 407 days then introduce next food.
Daily sleep
15 hrs
Nocturnal sleep
9-11 hrs
Car seat
rear facing from birth -2 years, middle seat, up to 20 lbs
All reflexes are gone but babinski by
4 months
Babinski 12 months
