infancy Flashcards
define infancy
infant rapid growth, approx half of adult height, by the time they’re two. at around one years old walking starts, by two, they start to run. teeth start at around 3 months.
what is the age range for infancy
0-2 years
define a primitive reflex
a reflex action originating in the central nervous system that are shown in infants
define a postural reflex
automatic movements that control the equilibriation we require once moving. they maintain posture, balance and fluidity of movement. postural reflexes replace primitive reflexes as the child develops
define gabellar reflex
blink response to a light tapping on the forehead
define snout reflex
pouting of lips when contact is made
define rooting reflex
turning head and mouth when contact is made on the face
define sucking reflex
sucking on anything that touches their mouth
define palmonental reflex
scrunching of the face when contact is made
define grasp reflex
involuntary grabbing for objects
define moro reflex
arms out when they feel like they are falling
define galant reflex
moving his when contact is made
define placing reflex
scrunching of legs when held upright
define walking reflex
moving legs when held or balanced
define gross motor skill
the skill and co ordination of larger muscles
define fine motor skill
the skill and co ordination of the smaller muscles
state a gross motor skill of a newborn
lifting head
1-3 months
rolling
6 months
bum shuffle
9-10 months
crawl
12-13 months
stand/ balance
19 months
taking steps
2 years
walk
2+ years
run
state a fine motor skill of a newborn
grasp fingers
1-3 months
pulling on the fingers
6 months
pull and begin to lift themselves up
9-10 months
building a tower of blocks
12-13 months
holding a spoon
19 months
button clothes
2 years
throw a large ball
2+ years
catch
define intellectual development
learning and cognitively developing
define physical development
learning through senses, listening and playing
define cognitive development
construction of thought processes
define language development
essential for organising thoughts
define problem solving
working things out and making predictions
define memory
recalling and retrieving information
define moral development
reasoning and making choices
define solo play
solitary play, also known as independent play is the first stage of play observed in infants. children play alone as they have yet to develop the social skills to play with others or prefer to play alone. solitary play gives the child time to think, create and explore their environments, toys and objects around them
what is the age range of solo play
0-2 years old
define parallel play
parallel play involves two or more children playing side by side without interacting. children may observe other children in the playground or mimic their actions. parallel play is common among children who haven’t yet developed body awareness and social interaction skills
what is the age range of parallel play
2-3 years old
define cooperative play
involves children playing together to solve problems or work on a project to achieve shared results. unlike competitive games where there is a winner or loser, children work together towards a common goal during cooperative play
what is the age range pf cooperative play
4-6 years old
