Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PYB203: Developmental Psychology > Infancy > Flashcards

Infancy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What occurs with infant motor development of newborn reflexes?

A
  • Survival reflexes are adaptive (breathing, eye-blinking)

- Primitive reflexes are less adaptive and typically disappear in early infancy (grasping, babinski)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Identify and describe the two trends of infancy motor development

A
  • Cephalocaudal (from head to toe) - babies start with their head and lifting their head before crawling etc
  • Proximodistal (from proximal to distal) - internal or centre to outer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the order of milestones of motor development?

A
  • lift head (~1 months)
  • push chest up with arms (~2.5 months)
  • Sit up without assistance (~6.5 months)
  • Pull self up to stand (~7 months)
  • Stand well alone (~11 months)
  • Walk well alone (~13 months)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is habituation?

A
  • the process of learning to be bored with a stimulus (shows same visual stimulus, infant is bored and looks away)
  • habituation can be used to test for discrimination of stimuli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is preferential looking?

A
  • infants prefer to look at complex rather than dull scenes

- contrasting of black and white panels experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is evoked potentials?

A

Researchers can assess how an infants brain responds to stimulation by measuring its electrical conductivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is operate conditioning?

A
  • Infants can learn to respond to a stimulus if they are reinforced for the response
    (to suck faster or slower or to turn their head)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do infants lack in vision at birth?

A

lack of acuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are infants visual preferences?

A
  • Attracted to patterns that have light-dark transitions or contour
  • Attracted to displays that are dynamic rather than static
  • Young infants prefer to look at whatever they can see well
  • Around 2 or 3 months a breakthrough begins to occur in the perception of forms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What qualities of hearing does infants have present at birth?

A
  • can hear better than they can see
  • can localise noises
  • prefer relatively complex auditory stimuli
  • can discriminate among sounds differ in loudness, duration, direction and frequency/pitch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why does the visual system require stimulation early in life?

A
  • to develop normally and influence auditory perception skills
  • early visual deficits can affect later visual perception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Piagets first sensorimotor stage?

A

Reflex activity (birth-1 month)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What occurs in the reflex activity stage?

A

reflective reaction to internal and external stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Piagets second sensorimotor stage?

A

Primary circular reactions (1-4months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What occurs in the primary circular reactions stage?

A

infants repeat actions relating to their own bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Piagets third sensorimotor stage?

A

Secondary circular responses (4-8 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What occurs in the secondary circular responses stage?

A

responsive actions involving something in the infants external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Piagets fourth sensorimotor stage?

A

Co-ordination of secondary schemes (8-12months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What occurs in the coordination of secondary schemes stage?

A

secondary actions are coordinated in order to achieve simple goals (i.e. pushing or grasping)

20
Q

What is Piagets fifth sensorimotor stage?

A

Tertiary circular reactions (12-18 months)

21
Q

What occurs in the tertiary circular reactions stage?

A

experimentation; actions are repeated with variations

22
Q

What is Piagets sixth sensorimotor stage?

A

Beginning of thought (18 months)

23
Q

What occurs in the beginning of thought stage?

A

symbolic thought permits mental representation, imitation and recall

24
Q

When does object permanence develop?

A

sensorimotor period

25
Q

What is the development of object permanence for 4-8 months?

A

out of sight out of mind

26
Q

What is the development of object permanence for 8- 12 months?

A

make the A not B error
(error that something exists although it cannot be seen but searches for the object in the previous spot rather than the new spot)

27
Q

What is the development of object permanence by 18 months?

A

object permanence has been mastered

28
Q

At what age does the emotion of joy and laughter show?

A

3-4 months

29
Q

At what age does the emotion of wariness show?

A

4 months

30
Q

At what age does the emotion of fear show?

A

5-8 months

31
Q

At what age do infants discover they can cause things to happen?

A

first 2 -3 months

32
Q

What sense of self do infants have after 6 months?

A

infants realise they and other people are separate beings with different perspectives, ones that can be shared

33
Q

What sense of self do infants have at around 18 months?

A

infants recognise themselves visually as distinct individuals

34
Q

What is the experiment for self?

A

lewis and Brooks-gun: rogue test

35
Q

What is the psychoanalytic attachment type?

A

I love you because you feed me

36
Q

What is the learning attachment type?

A

I love you because you are reinforcing

37
Q

What is the cognitive attachment type?

A

I love you because i know you

38
Q

What is the ethological attachment type?

A

I love you because i was born to love

39
Q

Who are the key figures in attachment theory?

A 
John Bowlby - father 
Mary Ainsworth (his student)
40
Q

What is phase 1 of Attachment development?

A

(birth - 2months) Indiscriminate sociability

41
Q

What is phase 2 of Attachment development?

A

(2-7months) attachments in the making, increasing preference for familiar carers

42
Q

What is phase 3 of Attachment development?

A

(7-24months) specific, clear cut attachments, seperation and stranger anxiety

43
Q

What is phase 4 of Attachment development?

A

(24months+) goal-coordinated partnerships

44
Q

What is seperation anxiety?

A

Once attached to a parent, a baby often becomes wary or fretful when separated from that parent (peaks between 14-18 months)

45
Q

What is stranger anxiety?

A

Once attached to a parent, a baby often becomes wary or fretful reaction to the approach of an unfamiliar person (common between 8-10months)

PYB203: Developmental Psychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions