Early childhood: psychosocial development Flashcards
What domains in particular rapidly and clearly observably develop in early childhood (2-5yrs)
- Physical development: fine motor skills
- Cognitive development: acquisition of language
- Psychosocial development: increasing social interactions, the importance of play
What is psychosocial development?
The development of the personality, and the acquisition of social attitudes and skills, from infancy through maturity
What is authoritarian parenting?
high demandingness-control, low acceptance-responsiveness
What is authoritative parenting?
- high demandingness-control, high acceptance-responsiveness
- gold star standard
What is permissive parenting?
low demandingness-control, high acceptance-responsiveness
What is uninvolved parenting?
low demandingness-control, low acceptance-responsiveness
At what age is 10% of social interaction with peers?
toddlerhood
At what age is 30% of social interaction with peers?
middle childhood
What is gender segregation?
play with same-sex companions - becomes increasingly strong with age
Major advances in language development, perspective-taking abilities, cooperative play, prosocial behaviour and problem-solving develop with contact with?
peers in early childhood
What is the popular social status?
well-liked by most and rarely disliked
What is the rejected social status?
rarely liked and often disliked
What is the neglected social status?
neither liked nor disliked (isolated children who seem to be invisible to their classmates)
What is the controversial social status?
liked by many but also disliked by many (the fun-loving child with leadership skills who also bullies peers and starts fights)
What is the average social status?
in the middle on both the liked and disliked scales
What social status child’s behaviour is characterised by high levels of aggression, tendency of social isolation, submissiveness, over-sensitivity to teasing?
Rejected
What social status child’s behaviour is characterised by having reasonably good social skills, non-aggressive, tendency to be shy, withdrawn and unassertive?
Neglected
What is gender typing?
process of acquiring gender-consistent behaviour
How do children first learn to recognise sex differences?
through perception (female voice goes with female face)
By what age have children developed an expectation of what is ‘typical’ behaviour and attributes for women and men and start to show consistency of gender labelling?
two years
By what age are children very focussed on what is girl and boy behaviour?
preschool-age and early school age
Around what age is rigidity in gender stereotypes especially high before decreasing over primary school years?
4-7 years
