Early childhood: psychosocial development

Question 1

What domains in particular rapidly and clearly observably develop in early childhood (2-5yrs)

Answer 1

• Physical development: fine motor skills
• Cognitive development: acquisition of language
• Psychosocial development: increasing social interactions, the importance of play

Question 2

What is psychosocial development?

Answer 2

The development of the personality, and the acquisition of social attitudes and skills, from infancy through maturity

Question 3

What is authoritarian parenting?

Answer 3

high demandingness-control, low acceptance-responsiveness

Question 4

What is authoritative parenting?

Answer 4

• high demandingness-control, high acceptance-responsiveness

- gold star standard

Question 5

What is permissive parenting?

Answer 5

low demandingness-control, high acceptance-responsiveness

Question 6

What is uninvolved parenting?

Answer 6

low demandingness-control, low acceptance-responsiveness

Question 7

At what age is 10% of social interaction with peers?

Answer 7

toddlerhood

Question 8

At what age is 30% of social interaction with peers?

Answer 8

middle childhood

Question 9

What is gender segregation?

Answer 9

play with same-sex companions - becomes increasingly strong with age

Question 10

Major advances in language development, perspective-taking abilities, cooperative play, prosocial behaviour and problem-solving develop with contact with?

Answer 10

peers in early childhood

Question 11

What is the popular social status?

Answer 11

well-liked by most and rarely disliked

Question 12

What is the rejected social status?

Answer 12

rarely liked and often disliked

Question 13

What is the neglected social status?

Answer 13

neither liked nor disliked (isolated children who seem to be invisible to their classmates)

Question 14

What is the controversial social status?

Answer 14

liked by many but also disliked by many (the fun-loving child with leadership skills who also bullies peers and starts fights)

Question 15

What is the average social status?

Answer 15

in the middle on both the liked and disliked scales

Question 16

What social status child’s behaviour is characterised by high levels of aggression, tendency of social isolation, submissiveness, over-sensitivity to teasing?

Answer 16

Rejected

Question 17

What social status child’s behaviour is characterised by having reasonably good social skills, non-aggressive, tendency to be shy, withdrawn and unassertive?

Answer 17

Neglected

Question 18

What is gender typing?

Answer 18

process of acquiring gender-consistent behaviour

Question 19

How do children first learn to recognise sex differences?

Answer 19

through perception (female voice goes with female face)

Question 20

By what age have children developed an expectation of what is ‘typical’ behaviour and attributes for women and men and start to show consistency of gender labelling?

Answer 20

two years

Question 21

By what age are children very focussed on what is girl and boy behaviour?

Answer 21

preschool-age and early school age

Question 22

Around what age is rigidity in gender stereotypes especially high before decreasing over primary school years?

Answer 22

4-7 years