inequality seminar

Question 1

what does sociology study

Answer 1

• people’s interactions with those engaged in medical occupations
• the way people make sense of their illness
• behaviour and interactions of healthcare professionals at work

Question 2

medicalisation

Answer 2

• areas of behaviour/life become defined as medical problems
• natural things e.g. pregnancy and childbirth becoming more medicalised
• normal responses to loss/adverse events requiring intervention of doctors to legitimuse/manage them

Question 3

consequences of work related stress

Answer 3

individual: poorer physcial/mental health, poorer health behaviours: alcohol, smoking, diet
society: loss productivity + work days

health service

Question 4

sick role - patient

Answer 4

• exempts ill people from daily responsibilities
• not responsible for being ill and is unable to get better without medical help
• must seek help from healthcare professional
• social obligation to get better asap to take up responsibilities again

Question 5

sick role - healthcare professional role

Answer 5

• objective + non-judgmental
• must not act out of greed/self-interest, pt interests first
• obey profess code of practice
• necessary knowledge to treat pts
• right to examine intamatetly, prescribe treatment and wide autonomy

Question 6

social/socio-economic influences on our health

Answer 6

collective set of conditions in which people are born, grow up, live and work

• gender
• ethnicity
• education
• employment
• income, social status, financial security
• health system

Question 7

gender effect on health

Answer 7

men have higher mortality

women have higher morbidity

Question 8

why may women have higher morbidity

Answer 8

visit dr more?
live longer so diseases of elderly?
present differently and assessed differently e.g. poorer Rx for heart disease

Question 9

gender differences in disease management

Answer 9

• F w MI recieve less guideline based diagnosis and invasive Rx
• F obtain dialysis later than men and undergo fewer transplants
• dely referreral F RA pts

Question 10

ethnicity and health: south asian

Answer 10

higher rates heart attacks

higher prevalence T2DM

Question 11

ethnicity and alcohol

Answer 11

-most minority groups have higher rates abstinence and lower levels drinking

Question 12

people from some ethnic groups more at risk alcohol related harm

Answer 12

• Irish and Scots more alcohol-deaths than english, welsh
• sihk men higher rates liver cirrhosis
• minority groups have similar levels alcohol dependence despite drinking less

Question 13

dealing with health disparities relating to ethnic differences: identify barriers to use of health service

Answer 13

patient level: language concerns, understanding system, beliefs

provider level: understanding differences, skills and attitudes

system level: organisation of appts and referalls

Question 14

culturally competent care

Answer 14

combination of attitudes, skills and knowledge that allows an understanding and therefore better care of pt with different background to us

Question 15

housing as social factor

Answer 15

• indoor air quality
• mould spores, dust mites
• low/high temps
• lead exposure
• secure home ownership

Question 16

housing - area of benefit

Answer 16

improvements to MH following housing improvements

Question 17

how might education influence health: psycho-social effect

Answer 17

social standing, sense of control, social support

bolster’s individual capacity and autonomy

Question 18

how might education influence health: access to different employment

Answer 18

improve income - housing, environment, diet
benefits - sick pay, pension, holidays
better working conditions - exposure to hazards, autonomy

Question 19

how might education influence health: healthy knowledge

Answer 19

benefits of lifestyle change
awareness of risk assoc with health behaviours
capacity to negotiate system

Question 20

employment as social factor

Answer 20

provides income and financial security
provides social contacts
provides status in society
provides purpose to life

unemployment is assoc w inc morbidity, premature mortality

employment can be source adverse health depending on situ

Question 21

media and healht

Answer 21

shapes and stereotypes views

shapes expectations

Question 22

WHO def health inequalities

Answer 22

differences in health status or in distribution between different population groups

the avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries

Question 23

vulnerability: WHO

Answer 23

degree to which a population, individual or organisation is unable to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from impact of disasters

esp children, pregnant women, elderly, unwell, malnourished, poverty

Question 24

scot gov: adults at risk

Answer 24

• unable to safegurad their own well being, property, rights, other interests
• at risk of harm
• affected by disability, mental disorder, illness or physical/mental infirmity

Question 25

vulnerable groups

Answer 25

homeless
learing disabled
refugees
LGBTQ+
prisoners

Question 26

inverse care law

Answer 26

those who need medical care are least likely to recieve it

those with least need of health care tend to use services more and more effectivelu

Question 27

equally well scot gov - key points

Answer 27

• poorest in society die earlier and have higher rates disease inc MH
• tracking health inequalities requires action from national + loval gov, other agencies and 3rd sector

Question 28

voluntary sector organisations

Answer 28

mean for engaging effectively with communities and individuals

deliver range of services to reduce health inequalities

• promote healthy living
• support services

Question 29

what factors can reduce health inequalities

Answer 29

• evaluate and redefine integration of health and social care
• time to invest in more vulnerable groups
• reduction in poverty
• improved employment oppurtunities for all
• improved housing in derived areas

Question 30

citizens advice

Answer 30

• help people directly negotiate difficult problems e.g. debt
• support witnesses in court
• advocacy work

Question 31

unemployment risk to health

Answer 31

higher mortality
poorer general healh
poorer mental ealth
higher medical consultation - medication consumption

Question 32

homelessness risks to health

Answer 32

premature death
suicide
assault
alcohol + drug problems
poor oral health
infectious disease e.g. HIV

Question 33

ex 3rd sector

Answer 33

cash in your pocket
alcohol and drugs action
shelter
citizen advice beuraeu