Inequality and Poverty Flashcards
What is Absolute Poverty?
When incomes are insufficient to provide basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter.
What is Relative Poverty?
When incomes are insufficient to allow people to participate fully in society.
What is the difference between abolute poverty and relative poverty?
Absolute poverty relates to the inability to provide basic needs however relative poverty relates to the lack of disposable income, being able to provide necessities but not any wants.
In the UK, what do we consider being in poverty as? (relating to income)
If you have a household income of 60% or less than the median national income then you are in poverty.
Name 3 costs to individuals and families of being in poverty.
Poor quality housing, possible homelessness
Increased illness, lower life expectancy, mental health poblems
Limited access to good education and training
A sense of being trapped in a hopeless situation with no motivation to work,.
Name 2 costs to society of poverty.
Loss of output, where unemployment is the problem.
Direct costs: including benefits and social services
Social prblems such as pregnancy, crime and vandalism
In 2015, aside from the 60% or less of median income, what other factors did the UK government deem to measure child poverty?
Exam results, family breakdown, drug and alcohol dependency.
Why were other factors to measure child poverty in 2015 introduced?
Following an announcement which showed that UK child poverty had increased to 2.5 million children. (which took incomes out of the main issue)
What is material deprivation?
The inability to afford basics such as food and heating.
How many extra children experienced material deprivation between 2019 and 2020?
140,000 extra children which brang the total to 1.7 million children.
What does the world bank suggest poverty should be measured by?
Income, consumption, health, education and assets owned.
Which global benchmarks are there for absolute poverty?
$1.25 a day is considered absolute poverty (accounts for 17% of global population)
$2.50 a day is significant deprivation (accounts for 40% of global population)
There is not global standard for relative poverty.
Why are global benchmarks for measuring poverty difficult to implement?
Each country has a different cost of living. This means $1.25 could get you alot in one country but not alot in another.
How many people does the World Bank report are living on less than $2.25 a day?
712 million people, nearly 1 in 11 people globally.
As of 2022, what was the poverty rate in the USA?
11.5%, approximately 37.9 million people.
Which region globally has the highest rate of child poverty?
Sub-saharan Africa, with 40% of children livin in poverty in 2022.
According to the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, what was the estimated cost of child poverty in the UK?
Between £25 and £40 billion a year.
Name 5 societel problems which poverty can increase.
Life expectancy
Child mortality
Crime
Drug use
Homicide rates
Mental illness
Obesity
Unemployment
What are some benefits of aid?
Meet short run emergenc needs
Increase capital stock
Improve infrastructure
Promote enterprise
Spread knowledge and technology
What are some disadvantages of aid?
Increased debt via loan repayments
Creates a dependency culture
Attracts corruption
Can damage existing domestic firms
Tough aid terms can create problems.
How many millenia goals did the UN set in 2000?
8.
What were some of the UN millenia goals?
Eradicating poverty and hunger
Achieving universal primary education
Combating HIV/AIDs, malaria, and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Numbers in poverty did what between 1990 and 2015?
Halved.
Why does better access to mobile phones and the internet help to eradicate poverty?
By increasing global communications and spreading awareness/education. Also allows for remote working.
