Inequality and Poverty Flashcards
What is Absolute Poverty?
When incomes are insufficient to provide basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter.
What is Relative Poverty?
When incomes are insufficient to allow people to participate fully in society.
What is the difference between abolute poverty and relative poverty?
Absolute poverty relates to the inability to provide basic needs however relative poverty relates to the lack of disposable income, being able to provide necessities but not any wants.
In the UK, what do we consider being in poverty as? (relating to income)
If you have a household income of 60% or less than the median national income then you are in poverty.
Name 3 costs to individuals and families of being in poverty.
Poor quality housing, possible homelessness
Increased illness, lower life expectancy, mental health poblems
Limited access to good education and training
A sense of being trapped in a hopeless situation with no motivation to work,.
Name 2 costs to society of poverty.
Loss of output, where unemployment is the problem.
Direct costs: including benefits and social services
Social prblems such as pregnancy, crime and vandalism
In 2015, aside from the 60% or less of median income, what other factors did the UK government deem to measure child poverty?
Exam results, family breakdown, drug and alcohol dependency.
Why were other factors to measure child poverty in 2015 introduced?
Following an announcement which showed that UK child poverty had increased to 2.5 million children. (which took incomes out of the main issue)
What is material deprivation?
The inability to afford basics such as food and heating.
How many extra children experienced material deprivation between 2019 and 2020?
140,000 extra children which brang the total to 1.7 million children.
What does the world bank suggest poverty should be measured by?
Income, consumption, health, education and assets owned.
Which global benchmarks are there for absolute poverty?
$1.25 a day is considered absolute poverty (accounts for 17% of global population)
$2.50 a day is significant deprivation (accounts for 40% of global population)
There is not global standard for relative poverty.
Why are global benchmarks for measuring poverty difficult to implement?
Each country has a different cost of living. This means $1.25 could get you alot in one country but not alot in another.
How many people does the World Bank report are living on less than $2.25 a day?
712 million people, nearly 1 in 11 people globally.
As of 2022, what was the poverty rate in the USA?
11.5%, approximately 37.9 million people.
