inequality Flashcards
Universal Credit
introduced in 2013
1.9 million adults had it cut by switching to UC
2013 unemployment - 7.52% March 2023 unemployment - 3.9%
5 week wait period
july 2022 - 5.7 million claimants
estimated £38.2 billion on UC in 2020-21
between april and september 2022 the Trussell trust issued 1.3 million emergency food parcels
Free school meals
P1-5, saves families on avg. £380 a year per child on the scheme, costs the gov. £20 million a year
Minimum wage
NMW introduced 1998
NLW introduced 2016 - originally 25+ but decreased to 23+ in 2020, April 2021 7% of UK workers on minimum wage (2 million workers)
Rates: U18 - £5.28, 23+ - £10.42
NLW pays £10.42 an hour which is £416.80 per 40 hour working week
Elderly stats
pensioners in poverty 2013-June 2021 1.6 million to 2.1 million, almost 3 million over 65s live alone, 1/14 people over 65 have dementia, 1/6 over 80s have dementia, 6.5% of those with dementia are under 65
Children stats
24% of Scotland’s children live in poverty, by the age of 3 children from the poorest backgrounds are estimated to be 9 months behind their wealthier peers
BAME stats
2019/20 black unemployment 2.2x higher than white, 2019 the most deprived 10% of neighbourhoods were 3x more likely to contain Pakistani ethnics than white
Unemployment stats
92% of families are in poverty before housing costs are taken into account
UK unemployment 3.9% as of March 2023 - over 1.3 million people
Gender income stats
UK gender pay gap 14.9%, women: catering or caring, men: finance, engineering, male pensions 50% higher than women’s
Equality act 2010 set out equal pay
benefits cap vs relative poverty
2022 relative poverty: £392 a week
benefits cap: £423.46
lifestyle choices
smoking causes diseases such as lung cancer or COPD
poverty and health
least deprived vs most deprived life expectancy - F 10.5yrs, M 13.6yrs
Overcrowding - meningitis, cold - hypothermia, flu, pneumonia
gender and health
suicide is still the biggest cause of 15-35yr male death, 78,000 F cancer deaths, 89,000 M cancer deaths, women LE: 82.9 yrs, men LE 79yrs
location and health
life expectancy higher in rural areas, 3x more likely to self harm in urban areas, 2021 alcohol deaths: scot 22.4 per 100,000, eng 13.9 per 100,000
SDIL
introduced 2018 - Avg. sugar levels in drinks affected fell by 44%, was estimated to make £500m a year instead makes around £336m
smoking ban 2006
and subsequent legislation
smoking prevalence decreased from 31% to 21% from 2003 to 2016, 35% prevalence in most deprived, 10% prevalence in least deprived
2016 - offence to smoke in a car with an under 18 inside
