Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Test 4 > Ineffective Tissue Perfusion (blood) > Flashcards

Ineffective Tissue Perfusion (blood) Flashcards

1
Q

What cell types does blood consist of?

A

erythrocytes (rbc), leukocytes (wbc) and thrombocytes (platelets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes up the largest portion of blood?

A

plasma (55%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage is the cellular component of blood volume?

A

40-45%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of stem cells resulting from bone marrow

A

myeloid and lymphoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does plasma contain

A

albumin and globulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is liver function is decreased what does that mean for albumin and edema?

A

decreased albumin and increased edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does hematopoiesis mean?

A

replenishment of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does primary hematopoiesis occur?

A

Bone marrow (pelvis, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur is bone marrow is suppressed?

A

In the liver or spleen (extramedullary hematopoiesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does hemostasis mean?

A

Leaks are sealed off which creates a balance between clotting and dissolving clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the steps for clotting

A
  1. cut occurs
  2. blood vessels constrict
  3. platelets rush to site, stick to site and each other
  4. circulating coagulation factors activate
  5. Fibrin reinforces, protects, and anchors sheath.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are diagnostic test used to assess hematologic disorders?

A

CBC, blood smear, PTT, PTINR, bone marrow biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s the difference between PTT and PTINR

A

PTT is clotting time with reagents, PTINR is clotting time without reagents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin

A

vitamin K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If your patient is on coumadin, what can you expect their PT INR to be?

A

2-3 times higher than normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is important information for patient’s to know prior to getting a bone marrow biopsy

A

No aspirin or Advil 24-48 hours prior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bone marrow aspiration occurs where?

A

sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bone marrow biopsy occurs where?

A

anterior iliac crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If someone is anemic what will you notice about their tongue?

A

beefy red tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does reticulocyte count indicate?

A

The number of baby blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how do you diagnose anemias

A

H/H, reticulocyte count, RBC indices, Iron level, Vitamin B12 level, stool occult blood, bone marrow aspiration, and if hemorrhaging dx site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does lysis mean?

A

destruction of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does penia mean

A

too few

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does hypo-proliferative mean and examples within anemia

A

not making or keeping enough
1. iron deficiency anemia
2. aplastic anemia
3. vitamin B deficiency anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What helps iron be better absorbed?
Citrus
26
What are patient teachings for iron deficiency anemia
PO Iron pills, black stool and constipation, IV iron infusions, blood transfusions, stopping hemorrhaging
27
What is aplastic anemia
failure of bone marrow to produce
28
how do you treat aplastic anemia
bone marrow stimulation, stem cell transplant, transfusion, and immunosuppressants
29
What type of hypo- proliferative anemia can be auto immune?
Vitamin B12 deficiency - no production of intrinsic factors that allow for absorption
30
What are risk factors for Vitamin b12 deficiency?
genetics, gastritis, and gastric bypass
31
What are symptoms of a b12 deficiency?
weakness, bleeding gums, jaundice, beefy red tongue, loss of appetite, depression, N.S. changes
32
What does hemolytic mean and what is an example of a hemolytic anemia
Destruction of Ex. sickle cell anemia
33
What should you educate patients on who have sickle cell anemia
increasing their folic acid, staying hydrated, and having psychosocial support
34
what kind of genetic trait is sickle cell anemia
autosomal recessive
35
How do you manage anemias?
1. correct the cause 2. transfusion of RBC 3. Treatment specific to the type of anemia (diet, supplement, therapy, other)
36
What are the steps to a blood transfusion
1. Type and cross 2. Transfusion
37
How long do you have after receiving blood to hang it
30 minutes
38
How long do you have to finish a blood transfusion?
4 hours
39
What are some complications you want to avoid when running a blood transfusion
afebrile, allergic reaction, TACO, TRALI
40
How do you correct TACO
Administer Lasix / diuretic
40
What is TRALI and how do you correct it?
Transfusion related acute lung injury - stop the transfusion and manage airways
41
What complication(s) can you continue a blood transfusion through if they arise
Febrile transfusion reaction, allergic reaction, TACO
42
What does polycythemia mean?
There is an overproduction in the bone marrow causing for too many blood cells
43
What are s/s for polycythemia
ruddy, puritis, thrombophlebitis, increased spleen, hypertension, gout, and tinnitus
44
What are bleeding disorders?
Failure of the hemostatis mechanism ex. thrombocytopenia, ITP, platelet defects, and hemophilia
45
What is thrombocytopenia and what is the main concern
decrease in platelet production (less than 100) Main concern- hemorrhaging
46
What is the difference between thrombocytopenia and ITP
ITP is autoimmune
47
What is elevated in hemophilia?
aPTT
48
What is normal in HIT
bleeding time
49
how long is the onset of ITP after developing a virus
5 days
50
What resolves ITP
IGIG
51
What condition would a patient have if you are teaching them to avoid high elevations, strenuous exercise, and other acts that require increased oxygen supply
sickle cell anemia
52
how do you diagnose ITP
if there is no change in platelet count after platelet transfusion
53
What is HIT and it's pathophysiology
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia - autoimmune response that starts the second administration of heparin where platelets are activated and destroyed.
54
Is someone has HIT what will you administer instead of heparin?
Argatroban
55
What genetic trait is hemophilia
X linked recessive
56
What type of disorder is disseminated intravascular coagulation disorder?
acquired coagulation disorder (not spontaneous - has a cause)
57
What triggers DIC
sepsis, burns, toxins, cancer, placental previa
58
What is the pathophysiology of DIC
overstimulation of clotting cascade causes congestion in organs which leads to decreased blood flow and organ failure and ends in widespread hemorrhaging
59
What is increased in DIC
D-dimer

Test 4 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions