Industry vocab

Question 1

Acid Deposition

Answer 1

Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels, that enter the atmosphere- where they combine with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid and return to Earth’s surface.

Question 2

Agglomeration economie

Answer 2

Economy in which like things are put together to their benefit all businesses. But bringing all people to one area increases congestion.

Question 3

Asian Tigers

Answer 3

Four Asian Pacific rim nations that are playing an increasingly important role as well as in the global economy.S. Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong.

Question 4

Assembly line production/Fordism/Fordist Production

Answer 4

Form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly.

Question 5

Bid rent theory

Answer 5

geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.

Question 6

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

Answer 6

The amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given load of organic waste; measure of water pollution.

Question 7

Break-of-bulk point

Answer 7

A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.

Question 8

Bulk-gaining Industry

Answer 8

An industry in which the final product weighs more of compromises a greater volume than the inputs

Question 9

Central Business District

Answer 9

he downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.

Question 10

Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)

Answer 10

a gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire extinguishers.

Question 11

Comparative advantage

Answer 11

the ability of an individual, firm, or country to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers.

Question 12

Cottage Industry

Answer 12

manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found prior to the Industrial Revolution

Question 13

Deglomeration

Answer 13

the dispersal of an industry that formerly existed in an established agglomeration.

Question 14

E-waste

Answer 14

discarded electrical or electronic devices.

Question 15

economies of scale

Answer 15

factors that cause a producer’s average cost per unit to fall as output rises

Question 16

Ecotourism

Answer 16

tourism to exotic or threatened ecosystems to observe wildlife or to help preserve nature

Question 17

Ferrous

Answer 17

Metals, including iron, that are utilized in the production of iron and steel.

Question 18

Footloose Industries

Answer 18

Industries that are able to shift the location of their facilities in order to take advantage of cheap labor.

Question 19

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 19

The anticipated increase in Earth’s temperature caused by carbon dioxide (emitted by burning fossil fuels) trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface.

Question 20

Industrial Revolution

Answer 20

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Question 21

Infrastructure

Answer 21

The basic structure of services, installations, and facilities needed to support industrial, agricultural, and other economic development; included are transport and communications, along with water, power, and other public utilities.

Question 22

Labor-intensive industry

Answer 22

An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.

Question 23

Major manufacturing regions

Answer 23

A region in which manufacturing activities have clustered together. The major U.S. industrial region has historically been in the Great Lakes, which includes the states of Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania. Industrial regions also exist in southeastern Brazil, central England, around Tokyo, Japan, and elsewhere.

Question 24

Maquiladora

Answer 24

Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of muc lower labor costs in Mexico.

Question 25

NAFTA

Answer 25

Agreement entered into by Canada, Mexico and the United States in December, 1992 and which took effect on January 1, 1994 to eliminate the barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross border movement of goods and services between the countries

Question 26

New International Division of Labor

Answer 26

Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those required low-paid, less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries.

Question 27

Outsourcing

Answer 27

a decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Question 28

Post-Fordist production -

Answer 28

Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks.

Question 29

Right-to-work state

Answer 29

a US state that has passed a law prevents a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment.

Question 30

Site Factors

Answer 30

Location factors that related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor and capital.

Question 31

Situation Factors -

Answer 31

Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.

Question 32

Special economic zones

Answer 32

Specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment

Question 33

Trafficking

Answer 33

When a family sends a child or an adult to a labor recruiter in hopes that the labor recruiter will send money, and the family member will earn money to send home

Question 34

Ubiquitous industries

Answer 34

A market-oriented industry whose establishments are distributed in direct proportion to the distribution of population.

Question 35

World cities

Answer 35

dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy. Not the world’s biggest city in terms of population or industrial output, but rather centers of strategic control of the world economy