Industrialisation

Question 1

what is maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 1

psychological model to understand what motivates us

Question 2

first stage of the hierarchy of needs?

Answer 2

basic needs - physiological needs like food, air, water, breathing, sex, sleep

Question 3

second stage of the hierarchy of needs?

Answer 3

basic needs - safety and security needs like job security, financial security, health

Question 4

third stage of the hierarchy of needs?

Answer 4

psychological needs - love and belongingness; family, friends, intimacy

Question 5

fourth stage of the hierarchy of needs?

Answer 5

psychological needs - self esteem; being unique in the group you belong to and have respect by others, for others, have confidence.

Question 6

fifth stage of the hierarchy of needs?

Answer 6

self actualization; desire to accomplish all that you can and unleash all your potential

Question 7

solidarity?

Answer 7

cohesion in society; what holds it together

Question 8

types of solidarity?

Answer 8

mechanical (pre modern societies)
organic (modern societies)

Question 9

mechanical solidarity?

Answer 9

people are bound together by “commonalities, similitudes, and likeness”, what Durkheim calls “collective consciousness”

religion is a big part of this.

everyone hold same values so when someone breaks rules emotion reaction so harsh medieval punishments.

Question 10

organic solidarity

Answer 10

interdependence is what holds society together. while everyone is different from each other, they rely on each other.

like human body w/ individual organs doing their own specialized job to keep the whole system working. (consider division of labour)

focus on righting wrongs, judge speaks of law and nothing of punishment (retributive law, diff. form restitutive)

Question 11

mechanical → organic?

Answer 11

more dynamic density leads to more competition so that creates the need for more efficient ways of doing things like division of labour.

Question 12

dynamic density?

Answer 12

no. of people in a society and the level of interactivity between them

Question 13

japan industrialization military reforms

Answer 13

new army and navy formed

one, conscripted army was formed (modern, western style)

from 1873, samurai’s right to be the only one armed was abolished

Question 14

japan industrialization political reforms

Answer 14

constitution formed
change in legal system
voting was allowed
feudalism abolished

Question 15

japan industrialization social reforms

Answer 15

education made mandatory for all
well connected - establishment of railway and telephone/telegraph lines

Question 16

japan before industrialization

Answer 16

feudalism
agriculture based economy
no industries/factories
no technology

Question 17

why did japan industrialize?

Answer 17

pressure from other countries like USA sent over ships to Tokyo Bay so that Japan would change trading policies.

unequal treaties like in 1853 USA sent a treaty to japan that made it lose its control over its foreign trades and crimes in Japan would be tried under western law, in western courts. Japan had to accept this treaty because it was weak at the time.

Question 18

working conditions in factories?

Answer 18

Charles Dickens: “dark satanic mills”

E.P. Thompson: “place of sexual labour, foul language, cruelty, and alien manners”

low wages
low safety
child labour
lack of workers rights
no job security
unsanitary working conditions

1833: 10-20% < 13 yrs (textile mills)
1842: 40% < 14 yrs (in mines)

Question 19

factory reform acts?

Answer 19

ten hour act of 1847 (only women, children)

1852 - further reduced working hours

1867: inspection of factories to ensure compliance with law (make sure no exploitation)

1842: women and children not allowed to work in mines

liberal/labour party - social reform and worker’s rights

chartist movement - voting rights and political representation of workers

Question 20

why did britain industrialize?

Answer 20

increasing population
abundance of raw materials
abundance of raw materials
stable political structure
presence of inventors

Question 21

key inventions?

Answer 21

steam engine (thomas newcommen, 1712)
spinning jenny (james hargreaves, 1764-65)
water frame (richard arkwrite, 1771)
water mill (richard arkwright, 1771)
power loom (edmund cartwright, 1785)
sewing machine (thomas saint, 1790)
cotton gin (eli whitney, 1793)