Industrialisation Flashcards

1
Q

When was Von Reutern Minister of Finance?

A

Von Reutern (1862-78)

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2
Q

When was Vyshnegradsky Minister of Finance?

A

Vyshnegradksy (1887-92)

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3
Q

When was Count Witte Minister of Finance?

A

Count Witte (1892-1903)

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4
Q

Who drives Russian industrialisation?

A

The state

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5
Q

What did Von Reutern do?

A
  • Creates a banking system
  • Begins a process of government subsidy (government will give money to enterprises to set themselves up)
  • He began the process of encouraging foreign investment
  • implemented a rail network
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6
Q

How successful was Von Reutern?

A

Annual average growth rate of 6% while Von Reutern was in office

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7
Q

What was Von Reutern focused on?

A

He particularly focused on cotton and mining

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8
Q

What does Vyshnegradsky do?

A
  • He goes to Europe and encourages foreign investment
  • He mounted a drive to increase grain exports on the back of the peasants
  • Increased indirect taxes and tariffs
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9
Q

When was the great famine?

A

1891-92

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10
Q

What did Russia continue to do during the great famine?

A

Export grain

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11
Q

Vyshnegradsky quote about the Great Famine

A

Vyshnegradsky - “we ourselves shall not eat but we shall export”

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12
Q

Why was Vyshnegradsky removed as minister?

A

He was blamed for the Great Famine

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13
Q

Did the State help their population during the Great Famine?

A

The Russian state failed to provide relief during the Great Famine

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14
Q

Who provided the relief during the Great Famine and what was the effect?

A
  • The Zemstva and the Town Duma’s provided the relief
  • This weakened the autocracy as Alexander III was trying to weaken the powers of the Zemstva
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15
Q

What did Count Witte do?

A
  • Takes a massive loan from the French
  • Investment from other countries would go into mining, the metal trades, oil and banking
  • Focused on expanding the russian rail network
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16
Q

Evidence that the industry was doing well

A
  • By 1897, Russia was the fourth largest industrial economy in the world
  • By 1914, it had the second only to the US largest amount of railway track in the world
17
Q

What does Russia export?

A

Grain

18
Q

How does the State have the funds for industrialisation?

A

Led by Vyshnegradsky, they tax the peasants and requisition grain from the peasants

19
Q

How did the State strengthen Russian businesses?

A

30% tariff on all imported goods to strengthen Russian businesses

20
Q

By how much did exports of grain increase?

A

Exports of grain increased by 80%

21
Q

What % of all government spending went towards repayment of debt?

A

22
Q

Evidence of success under Vyshnegradsky?

A

Between 1881-91 grain exports increased by 18% and by 1892 the Russian budget was in a surplus

23
Q

Evidence of Success under Witte?

A

By 1897, Russia was the 4th largest industrial economy in the world