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History Chapter 2 Russia > Industrialisation > Flashcards

Industrialisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Alexander II what were foreign businessmen encouraged to do and why did they do it

A

encouraged to invest in Russian industry and if they project failed it would be paid for by the government

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2
Q

Alexander II who was ludwig loop

A

he developed the Russian textile industry and he was from manchester

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3
Q

Alexander II what did the nobel brothers invest in

A

oil wells in Baku

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4
Q

Alexander II who was jj hughes and what date was his success

A

from wales and established the new Russian coal iron and rail making company. by 1884 it was the largest producer of pig iron in Russia

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5
Q

Alexander II what was the settlement around Hughes smelting works called and what is the population

A

the settlement around hughes smelting works is called Donetsk and its population is 2 million

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6
Q

Alexander II how much of an increase in the amount of railway opened

A

7 fold

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7
Q

Alexander II how many miles of railway were opened. 2 dates and figures

A

2194 were opened in 1862 by 1978 13979 miles opened

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8
Q

Alexander II how much did the industry grow every year under who

A

6% a year under Reutern

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9
Q

Alexander II when there was a depression in Europe what did it not do to Russia and when

A

Until 1882 and this did not affect Russia due to its economic growth

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10
Q

Alexander II how much railway was controlled by private companies by the end of his reign

A

by 1880 94% of Russian Railways were owned by private companies

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11
Q

Alexander III what happened to the salt tax

A

salt tax abolished in 1881

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12
Q

Alexander III what happened to the poll tax

A

unfair poll tax abolished in 1886

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13
Q

Alexander III when the government started buying back railways what percent were owned by what date

A

by 1911 69% of railways were owned by the Russian government

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14
Q

Alexander III why was Bunge sacked

A

after the rouble collapsed in the mid 1880s

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15
Q

Alexander III when was the Mendeleev Tariff introduced what did it allow

A

1891 and allowed Russia to make money by exporting grain

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16
Q

Alexander III what was the Mendeleev Tariff partially responsible for

A

1891 famine which killed 500,000

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17
Q

Nicholas II who was the first finance minister to show total commitment to industrialisation what dates. what was this known as

A

Witte (1893-1903), The great spurt

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18
Q

Nicholas II When was the rouble placed on the Gold standard

A

1897

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19
Q

Nicholas II what happened to coal production during the great spurt

A

it doubled

20
Q

Nicholas II what happened to iron and steel production during the great spurt

A

it increased 7 fold

21
Q

Nicholas II what was the increase in railway opened between what dates

A

17264 miles of railway opened in 1891. 31125 opened in 1901

22
Q

Nicholas II how much did income earnt in industry increase between what dates

A

42 million roubles in 1893 to 161 million roubles in 1897

23
Q

Nicholas II in what date and what did Russia beat france in

A

in 1900 Russia beat France into fourth place in international iron production

24
Q

Nicholas II how much coal did Russia produce in comparison to Britain and what date. GDP compared to Britain

A

by 1913 Russia only produced 10% or coal Britain produced and Russian GDP was 20% of Britain

25
Q

Lenin what was introduced to deal with the economic problems that the war caused and what date

A

State capitalism introduced in November 1917

26
Q

Lenin what is state capitalism

A

the state completely taking over the economy until it can be handed over to the proletariat

27
Q

Lenin What was the SEC and when was it formed

A

the Supreme economic council in December 1917 meant that all businesses that employed 10 or more workers were nationalised without compensation

28
Q

Lenin How many nationalised businesses were there by what date

A

There were 30000 nationalised businesses by 1920

29
Q

Stalin who were the 5 year plans set by

A

GOSPLAN

30
Q

Stalin what was the problem for regional directors and what happened if you failed to meet the targets

A

There were no guidelines on how to implement the targets and you were shot if you failed

31
Q

Stalin When was the first 5 year plan introduced and how long did it last

A

1928-32

32
Q

Stalin how much did oil increase by during the fife year plans between what dates

A

Oil: 1928 11.6 m tonnes of oil by 1940 48.3 million tonnes of oil

33
Q

Stalin how much did coal increase by between what dates

A

Coal: 1928 there were 35.5m tonnes and in 1940 there were 166m tonnes

34
Q

Khrushchev he continued the five year plans but what industries did he focus on

A

Plastics and consumer goods

35
Q

Khrushchev how many owned a washing machine by what date

A

by 1964 1 in 77 owned a washing machine

36
Q

Khrushchev how many owned a fridge by what date

A

by 1964 4 in 100 owned a fridge

37
Q

Khrushchev What was wrong with the 5th five year plan what happened to the 6th five year plan

A

he wasted a lot of money on hydroelectric schemes that failed and the 6th 5 year plan was scrapped after 2 years

38
Q

Lenin What did the Civil war do the the economy

A

It destroyed the economy

39
Q

Lenin What was the decrease in coal production in the Russian civil war

A

Coal production was at 29 million tonnes in 1913 and 8.9 million tonnes in 1921

40
Q

Lenin What was the value of the Rouble compared between two dates

A

In 1920 the rouble was worth 1% of what it had been in 1917

41
Q

Lenin What were wages paid in by by what date

A

By 1921 90% of wages were paid in kind

42
Q

Lenin what was war communism

A

It was State capitalism along with grain requisitioning

43
Q

Lenin What was forcibly taken from the countryside and what did this lead to

A

Food was forcibly taken from the countryside by the Cheka and given to the proletariat and the Red army. This led to starvation in Rural areas.

44
Q

Lenin what 4 things the the NEP allow

A

Small private businesses allowed
The end of grain requisitioning
Foreign trade was encouraged
The rouble was revalued

45
Q

Stalin what did the 5 year plans focus on and what did this mean for the consumer economy

A

\the 5 year plans focused on heavy industry and not the consumer economy leading to consumer industries vanishing

46
Q

stalin How much was the increase in tractors between what dates

A

Tractors increased in 1928 from 1300 to 31000 in 1940

History Chapter 2 Russia (5 decks)

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