Industrialisation Flashcards
Alexander II what were foreign businessmen encouraged to do and why did they do it
encouraged to invest in Russian industry and if they project failed it would be paid for by the government
Alexander II who was ludwig loop
he developed the Russian textile industry and he was from manchester
Alexander II what did the nobel brothers invest in
oil wells in Baku
Alexander II who was jj hughes and what date was his success
from wales and established the new Russian coal iron and rail making company. by 1884 it was the largest producer of pig iron in Russia
Alexander II what was the settlement around Hughes smelting works called and what is the population
the settlement around hughes smelting works is called Donetsk and its population is 2 million
Alexander II how much of an increase in the amount of railway opened
7 fold
Alexander II how many miles of railway were opened. 2 dates and figures
2194 were opened in 1862 by 1978 13979 miles opened
Alexander II how much did the industry grow every year under who
6% a year under Reutern
Alexander II when there was a depression in Europe what did it not do to Russia and when
Until 1882 and this did not affect Russia due to its economic growth
Alexander II how much railway was controlled by private companies by the end of his reign
by 1880 94% of Russian Railways were owned by private companies
Alexander III what happened to the salt tax
salt tax abolished in 1881
Alexander III what happened to the poll tax
unfair poll tax abolished in 1886
Alexander III when the government started buying back railways what percent were owned by what date
by 1911 69% of railways were owned by the Russian government
Alexander III why was Bunge sacked
after the rouble collapsed in the mid 1880s
Alexander III when was the Mendeleev Tariff introduced what did it allow
1891 and allowed Russia to make money by exporting grain
Alexander III what was the Mendeleev Tariff partially responsible for
1891 famine which killed 500,000
Nicholas II who was the first finance minister to show total commitment to industrialisation what dates. what was this known as
Witte (1893-1903), The great spurt
Nicholas II When was the rouble placed on the Gold standard
1897
Nicholas II what happened to coal production during the great spurt
it doubled
Nicholas II what happened to iron and steel production during the great spurt
it increased 7 fold
Nicholas II what was the increase in railway opened between what dates
17264 miles of railway opened in 1891. 31125 opened in 1901
Nicholas II how much did income earnt in industry increase between what dates
42 million roubles in 1893 to 161 million roubles in 1897
Nicholas II in what date and what did Russia beat france in
in 1900 Russia beat France into fourth place in international iron production
Nicholas II how much coal did Russia produce in comparison to Britain and what date. GDP compared to Britain
by 1913 Russia only produced 10% or coal Britain produced and Russian GDP was 20% of Britain
Lenin what was introduced to deal with the economic problems that the war caused and what date
State capitalism introduced in November 1917
Lenin what is state capitalism
the state completely taking over the economy until it can be handed over to the proletariat
Lenin What was the SEC and when was it formed
the Supreme economic council in December 1917 meant that all businesses that employed 10 or more workers were nationalised without compensation
Lenin How many nationalised businesses were there by what date
There were 30000 nationalised businesses by 1920
Stalin who were the 5 year plans set by
GOSPLAN
Stalin what was the problem for regional directors and what happened if you failed to meet the targets
There were no guidelines on how to implement the targets and you were shot if you failed
Stalin When was the first 5 year plan introduced and how long did it last
1928-32
Stalin how much did oil increase by during the fife year plans between what dates
Oil: 1928 11.6 m tonnes of oil by 1940 48.3 million tonnes of oil
Stalin how much did coal increase by between what dates
Coal: 1928 there were 35.5m tonnes and in 1940 there were 166m tonnes
Khrushchev he continued the five year plans but what industries did he focus on
Plastics and consumer goods
Khrushchev how many owned a washing machine by what date
by 1964 1 in 77 owned a washing machine
Khrushchev how many owned a fridge by what date
by 1964 4 in 100 owned a fridge
Khrushchev What was wrong with the 5th five year plan what happened to the 6th five year plan
he wasted a lot of money on hydroelectric schemes that failed and the 6th 5 year plan was scrapped after 2 years
Lenin What did the Civil war do the the economy
It destroyed the economy
Lenin What was the decrease in coal production in the Russian civil war
Coal production was at 29 million tonnes in 1913 and 8.9 million tonnes in 1921
Lenin What was the value of the Rouble compared between two dates
In 1920 the rouble was worth 1% of what it had been in 1917
Lenin What were wages paid in by by what date
By 1921 90% of wages were paid in kind
Lenin what was war communism
It was State capitalism along with grain requisitioning
Lenin What was forcibly taken from the countryside and what did this lead to
Food was forcibly taken from the countryside by the Cheka and given to the proletariat and the Red army. This led to starvation in Rural areas.
Lenin what 4 things the the NEP allow
Small private businesses allowed
The end of grain requisitioning
Foreign trade was encouraged
The rouble was revalued
Stalin what did the 5 year plans focus on and what did this mean for the consumer economy
\the 5 year plans focused on heavy industry and not the consumer economy leading to consumer industries vanishing
stalin How much was the increase in tractors between what dates
Tractors increased in 1928 from 1300 to 31000 in 1940
