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tox > Industrial toxicants & rodenticides - burgfeld > Flashcards

Industrial toxicants & rodenticides - burgfeld Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of petroleum products derived from crude oil. Give one example of each. Which is more toxic?

A

sweet - gasoline - most toxic

sour - lubricant oil

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2
Q

What is the main clinical sign of the crude oil petroleum products?

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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3
Q

What are the 3 refined petroleum products & their associated clinical signs?

A

Long chain - aspiration pneumonia
Chlorinated - cns depression
Aromatic - bone marrow suppression

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4
Q

What electrolyte does industrial flouride have the higehst affinity to?

A

Ca+

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5
Q

What is industrial flourides MoA?

A

Hypocalcemia, internal hemmorrhage - death from resp and cv failure. competition with bone Ca.

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6
Q

What are the clin signs of industrial flouride?

A

Brown/black enamel of teeth, hypocalcemia

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of detergents in their order of least to most toxic?

A

Non-ionic
Anionic
Cationic

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8
Q

What main organ system do the detergents affect & what would be the main treatment?

A

GI & MM. Want to wash them, use charocal and not induce emesis

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of bleaches?

A

Chlorine
Sodium chloride - liquid
Calcium chloride - powder

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10
Q

What is the MoA of Zinc Phosphide?

What happens to it once it reaches the stomach?

A

Inhibit oxidative phosphorylation & cellular energy, increasing free radicals.
Stomach acid enhances toxicity - turns the powder into a gas

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11
Q

What clinical signs will we see with Zinc Phosphide poisoning?

A

GI tract - cautic
Anoxia
vomit w/ or w/o blood
Increased resp rate

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12
Q

What is the treatment for Zinc Phosphide?

A

Good ventillation
Antacids
Supportive therapy

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13
Q

What is the MoA of Fluoroacetate?

A

Interferes with cell respiration by competing with a krebs cycle enzyme

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14
Q

What organ does Fluoroacetate target?

A

CV

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs for fluoroacetate?

A

Hypocalcemia & increased serum concentration of citrate

tonic seizures not elicit by external stimuli

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16
Q

What is the treatment for Fluoroacetate

A

Gastric lavage & charcoal
supp treatment
emetics

17
Q

What is the MoA of Strychnine?

A

glycine antagonist
exaggerated reflex arc due to increased nueornal hyperexcitability
increased neuromusuclar activity

18
Q

What are the clinical signs of Strychnine?

A

Tonic seizures elicited by light

rapid rigor mortis

19
Q

What is the MoA of cholecalciferol?

A

Mineralization of organs, loss of function

20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Cholecalciferal?

A

Hypercalcemia & phosphatemia

21
Q

What is the treatment for cholicalciferol?

A

pamidronate

22
Q

What is the MoA of bromethalin?

A

Cerebral and spinal edema causing ICP

23
Q

What are the clin signs of bromethalin?

A

ICP, Brain and SC edema, paralysis

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