Industrial Revolution Study Guide Flashcards
In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?
England
Which 2 natural resources were the backbone of the Industrial Revolution?
Coal and Iron
Which innovation allowed factories to be built anywhere?
Steam engine
Why did the cottage industry come to an end?
Too many people moved to the city and it was replaced by the factory system.
What is the movement of people from the rural to urban area?
Urbanization
Who designed the first efficient steam engine?
James Watt
What product was first made using machines in factories?
Textiles
Mass production led to:
goods being less expensive
Before the Industrial Revolution, all products were created by:
hand
Why were railroads so important during this time?
They moved goods more quickly and less expensively over great distances.
Louis Pasteur discovered a link between a link between diseases and?
Bacteria
A workers group formed to limit the power of the business or company owner
Labor Union
What is the definition of capitalism?
An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
What is the definition of laissez-faire?
The policy which is based on the idea that governments an the law should not interfere with business, finance, or the conditions of people’s working lives.
The Industrial Revolution is known as the
increase in machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th century
What caused the development of factories?
New machines were too big to put into the cottages
What power source did the first factories run on?
water or steam
What 3 factors are needed for production to drive the Industrial Revolution
All of these
Which of the following DID NOT help England in becoming the lead during the Industrial Revolution?
Military deaths and losses
What was the NEGATIVE effect of urbanization of Britain’s population?
Housing was poorly constructed and crime was a persistent problem
Why did children not attend school?
Kids were forced to beg and work.
What decreased in the urban areas during the Industrial Revolution?
living conditions in the cities
What class of people increased their structure and wealth during the Industrial Revolution?
Middle Class
How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?
It made the population grow faster than the housing supply
What were the effects of the Railroad?
It fueled other industries like coal, steam engines, iron and steel
What is the name of the voluntary association created to protect workers’ rights?
Labor Unions
Collective bargaining is between…
employers and unions
Who wrote the book, The Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith
Which of the following believed in a free-market system?
Adam Smith
Who wrote The Communist Manifesto?
Karl Marx
What is the system policy where a government keeps their hands off the economy?
Laissez-Faire
What was a long term political effect from Marx’s Communist Manifesto?
Vladimir Lenin was inspired to adopt it in Russia.
What system was impacted by the invention and use of the Cotton Gin, Spinning Jenny, and Flying Shuttle
Factory System
