industrial revolution & post industrial Flashcards
(17 cards)
when was the industrial revolution
1780 - 1900
how did society chance during the industrial revolution
countryside - towns
rural - urban
working on land - working in factories
two tier feudal system - 3 tier system
how did society change during the first half of the industrial revolution
H - poor health - poor working and living conditions gave little energy for sport
I - lack of income - low wages and poverty evident
T - lack of leisure time - shift from ‘seasonal’ to ‘machine’ work left long 12 hour days, 6 days a week, sunday was religious day of rest
F - lack of public provision (facilities) - no equiptment for ower class
O - overcrowding (lack of space) - new factories left a lack of space for traditional mob games
R - loss of rights - restrictions placed on mob ganes by changes in criminal laws
how did society change during the second half of the industrial revolution
health and hygeine improved - 1p public baths helped stop the spead of disease
increased wages and leisure time - the factory acts (max 10 hour working days) and Saturday half days left more time for sport
development of middle class - self made business en changed the ways of playing and behaving in sport - it became more acceptable and respectable, developed a high moral code, strict rules, leagues and competitions
how society changed during the industrial revolution
influence of the ex-public school boys - via industry and the church etc.
value of athleticism spread to the lower class - moral integrity and doing the best of your ability
industrial patronage - kind factory owners becoming patrons of sport, and factory teams set up, and sports facilities provided
improvements in transport and communications - development of roads and steam trains - allowed regional fixtured and spectators to travel + newspapers
cheaper to travel - spectating sport became more accessible
how did the industrial revolution impact sport at the time
society became more civilised and less violent
mob sports banned by the government
industrialisation - factory teams
the church saw value in the morality of rationalised sports
lack of space meant no room for popular recreations - urbanisation
administration needed as more clubs developed - NGB’s
transport and communication developed
what 8 developments led to sport becoming rationalised (post industrial)
urbanisation
transport revolution
improved communications
influence of the church
emergence of the middle class
the british empire
public provision
development of NGB’s
what is urbanisation and what did it cause
large numbers of people moving from rural to urban areas seeking regular work resulted in:
lack of space
large working-class populations
loss of traditional sports
change in working conditions
what did the transport revolution allow (steam trains and railways)
movement of teams and spectators
improved access to different parts of the country (local-regional fixtures)
cheaper train travel
how did improved communications (education) help to develop sport
society becoming literate
printed media increased the knowledge of sport (fixtures and results)
emergence of sporting heros and role models as people could read the match reports
how did the influence of the church help shape society
encouraged social control (improved behaviour)
church facilities provided halls to play in
promoting christian values (healthy mind/body)
good way to improve church attendance
church organised teams, set up clubs and organised competitions
how did the emergence of the middle class help develop sport
codification - strict rules, public school boys, NGB’s
competitions - development of leagues
public provision
increased leisure time - fsctory owners gradually gave workers more leisure time
move to ‘professionalism’ - acting as agents, promoters in athletics, setting up factory teams and paying broken time payments
what are broken-time payments
working men were compensated for missing work in order to play sports
how did the british empire play an imortant role in developing sport
english ex-public school boys spread the word of sport, as when they left university, they became:
teachers
factory owners
clergy in the church
british army officers
diplomats
formed NGB’s which codified sports and established leagues
what public provision was put in place to help post industrial society and how did it help
public wash baths kept people clean, stopping the spread of disease
plunge baths were developed for swimming/recreational use
improved satus of the town
local authorities applied for grants to provide public wash rooms
healthier workers meant improved productivity of the workforce
what caused the development of NGB’s
sport became increasingly popular
more teams and clubs were forming
leagues and competitions were required
nationally agreed rules were required so copetitions could take place nationally
maintenance of the ‘amateur ideal’
6 R’s of rational recreation
rules
roles
referees
regional
regular
respectable
