Industrial Revolution Exam T1 2023

Question 1

What were features of pre-industrial Britain?

Answer 1

Agricultural economy with limited production, people who were not wealthy, life had harsh conditions and people were illiterate.

Question 2

What was the agricultural revolution?

Answer 2

It took place in Britain in the 1700s, before industrial revolution, and involved inventions that lead to mass food production.

Question 3

What was the industrial revolution?

Answer 3

The Industrial Revolution was the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines.

Question 4

What is capitalism?

Answer 4

It is an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

Question 5

What is socialism?

Answer 5

It is a system where means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Question 6

What was the open field system?

Answer 6

A system where two fields would be used to grow wheat and barley and the third field would be left unplanted as the field needed to be fertilized.

Question 7

What was the enclosed system?

Answer 7

It was a system with privately owned land, usually with walls, fences or hedges around it.

Question 8

What was the village common?

Answer 8

It was a a common open area within a village used for gathering cattle to bring them later on to a common land for grazing.

Question 9

What is mass production?

Answer 9

It is the production of substantial amounts of standardized products in a constant flow.

Question 10

What were raw materials?

Answer 10

They were materials found naturally in the earth and they helped the Industrial revolution by powering things.

Question 11

Why was cheap labor important?

Answer 11

Cheap labor was present at the time of the Industrial Revolution because it was cheap for business owners to employ many people, therefore making mass produce.

Question 12

Why was the growing population a factor of the industrial revolution.

Answer 12

Because goods had to be produced more efficiently in order to accommodate for the whole population.

Question 13

Why was transport important around this time?

Answer 13

Because they needed to transport machines and goods to other places, inducing trade.

Question 14

How did Europe benefit from industrial revolution?

Answer 14

Their economy went from being labor-intensive to having factories and specialized labor.

Question 15

How did Japan benefit from industrial revolution?

Answer 15

Factories were built, infrastructure was developed, and the Japanese economy quickly transitioned. They discovered large amounts of steel, but focused on their military’s strength at the time.

Question 16

How did the USA benefit from industrial revolution?

Answer 16

Railroads expanded significantly, bringing even remote parts of the country into a national market economy. People also got wealthier.

Question 17

What caused the Industrial revolution?

Answer 17

The emergence of capitalism, European imperialism, efforts to mine coal, and the effects of the Agricultural Revolution.

Question 18

What caused the Agricultural revolution?

Answer 18

This revolution started because of developments in technology, a shift towards industrialization, and the growth of cities.

Question 19

What was the effect of the Industrial revolution?

Answer 19

It increased production and efficiency, lower prices, more goods, improved wages, and migration from rural areas to urban areas.

Question 20

What was the effect of the Agricultural revolution?

Answer 20

The Agricultural Revolution brought about experimentation with new crops and new methods of crop rotation. It also allowed mass production of food.

Question 21

What were trade unions?

Answer 21

An organization mainly made up of workers. One of a trade union’s main aims is to protect and advance the interests of its members in the workplace.

Question 22

What is the ALP?

Answer 22

It is a party with the objective of socialism to the extent necessary to eliminate exploitation and other anti-social features.

Question 23

What were the bourgeoisie?

Answer 23

The middle class who owned most of society’s wealth and production means.

Question 24

What was capital?

Answer 24

The money an industry had to fund day-to-day activities.

Question 25

What was Chartism?

Answer 25

It was a working class movement that wanted to gain political rights and influence for the working classes.

Question 26

What was a classless society?

Answer 26

The term classless society refers to a society in which no one is born into a social class, and people can make their own wealth.

Question 27

What was a cottage industry?

Answer 27

It’s the term that historians use to identify production that was completed before the start of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 28

What was the 8 hour day movement?

Answer 28

It had been proposed by Robert Owen in 1817 in New Lanark. The main idea of the movement was; ‘Eight hours labor, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest’ for the workers.

Question 29

What was an entrepreneur?

Answer 29

Entrepreneurs sponsored inventors, put inventions to effective use, and exploited the full potential of inventions.

Question 30

Who were the Fabians?

Answer 30

The Fabian Society is a British socialist organization whose purpose is to gradually advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism into an economy rather than by revolutionary overthrow.

Question 31

What was laissez-faire?

Answer 31

It was the theory that the less the government is involved in the economy, the better off business will be, and by extension, society as a whole.

Question 32

What was Marxism?

Answer 32

Marxism originated from Karl Marx, focusing on the struggles between capitalists and the working class.

Question 33

Who were the proletariats?

Answer 33

They were the lower working-class people who, under capitalism, sell their labor in order to earn a living.

Question 34

What is the Communist Manifesto?

Answer 34

It was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, was first published in 1848. It argued that capitalism would inevitably self-destruct, to be replaced by socialism and ultimately communism.

Question 35

What were tariffs?

Answer 35

A tariff is a tax imposed by the government of a country or by a supranational union on imports or exports of goods.

Question 36

What was utopian socialism?

Answer 36

It was a belief that social ownership of the means of production can be achieved by voluntary and peaceful surrender of their holdings by propertied groups.

Question 37

What is a welfare state?

Answer 37

A way of governing in which the state or an established group of social institutions provides basic economic security for its citizens.

Question 38

Why did capitalism emerge?

Answer 38

The rapid growth of businesses gave some owners the money they needed to create enormous corporations that could monopolize an entire industry.

Question 39

Why did socialism emerge?

Answer 39

Factory owners became wealthy, while many workers lived in increasing poverty, laboring for long hours under difficult and sometimes dangerous conditions. Socialism emerged as a response to the expanding capitalist system.

Question 40

What were positives of Socialism?

Answer 40

The government treats the citizens equally, and wealth generated by employees is distributed equally to everyone. The government manages means of production, which ensures that there is fairness in resource utilization and distribution.

Question 41

What were positives of Capitalism?

Answer 41

Competition and capital accumulation make businesses want to maximize efficiency, which allows investors to capitalize on that growth and consumers to enjoy lower prices on a wider range of goods. Innovative ideas are rewarded and you work for your own money individually.

Question 42

What were negatives of Socialism?

Answer 42

Slow economic growth, less entrepreneurial opportunity and competition, and a potential lack of motivation by individuals due to lesser rewards.

Question 43

What were negatives of Capitalism?

Answer 43

Inequality, market failure, damage to the environment, excess materialism and boom and bust economic cycles.

Question 44

How would life be different without the industrial revolution?

Answer 44

Without the Industrial revolution, new forms of medicine would never have been produced, we would all be less wealthy and our economy would be predominantly farming.

Question 45

Who were the luddites?

Answer 45

British weavers and textile workers who objected to the increased use of mechanized looms and knitting frames and destroyed them. Most were artisans who feared machine operators were robbing them of their wealth.