Industrial revolution

Question 1

Basis: What? When? Where?

Answer 1

Began England/Scotland=Stage 1 approx 1760-1830
After spread to Belgium, France, German States, Usa, Russia and Japan
- Very significant expansion of technological change in four main areas: production of textiles, mettalurgy (iron), mining and power for all
- all had serious economic and social consequences

Question 2

consequences of industrial rev?

3

Answer 2

1) allows Britain to become tmeporarily the wealthiest nation and domnate manufacture of material goods
2) caused significant change to how labourers in ertain industries experience work
3) Changed patterns for daily life: esp for working and middle class

Question 3

Means(3), Motive(2) and opportunity(2)

Why Britain? Why this time period?

Answer 3

Means/cause:
- population growth Britain and Europe: increased labour and domestic market
- technological and scientific advancement: scientific revolution and enlightenment
- Migration due to lack of farm jobs, also due to coal and iron hotspots e.g. In Leeds, Liverpool and Manchester.
- increased middle class/wealth for new ventures
Motive:
- Demand for textiles and clothing (population growth)
- ambition of middle class esp non conformists (britain) middle class ambitious with business
Opportunity:
- political stability
- empire w/ markets and raw minerals

Question 4

What were causes of IR?
3
precursor?

Answer 4

• Populaiton growth Britain: increased labour and market
• Technological and Scientific advancements: Enlightenment and scientific rev
  PRECURSOR: Agricultural revolution
  a) new methods (Tull invented horse drawn seen drill increasing yield 5x and Ploughs made)
  b) Majority of people lived in villages surrounded by fields, many peasants lost jobs and were forced to migrate to towns due to farms no longer being communal and lack of need for workers

Question 5

Birth of Factories:

Answer 5

a) Unlike simple looms, new steam powered devices were large and expensive to new need for factories to bring workers to mchines rather than vice versa
b) Led to creation of modern factory (a place where workers, tools and raw material brought together dedicated to single industry.
c) not until mid 19th century that large scale factories were dominant in textile production.

Question 6

Age of Steam

Answer 6

a) Richard Trevithick invents steam locomotive in 1803
b) 2nd Industrial revolution encompassed age of steam
- elecricity, chemicals and steel invented 2nd ir, applications of formal scientific training and theory n engineering

Question 7

1st and 2nd IR dates

Answer 7

1760-1830

1850-1914

Question 8

features of second IR:

Answer 8

Electricity, chemicals, scienctific training and engineering. steel

Question 9

Economic Consequences of IR?

% stats

Answer 9

a) Industrialisation allowed England to ecome military and economic powerhouse in 19th C.
- 1790-1850: Industrial production grew 3-4% each year
- 1830: Britain produced 70% of worlds coal an 50% of its cotton/iron
- 1800-1850: per capita income rose 85%

Question 10

Social consequences of IR?

Answer 10

a) Accelerated urbanisation
b) Growth of industrial towns/cities e.g. Southhamptom an lIverpool
c) Overcrowding disease
d) led to class bias and negative stereotypes e.g. chavs.