20 year crisis.

Question 1

What was 20 year crisis/origin of idea

Answer 1

Historian E.H. Carr wrote book outlining 20 years of crisis: 1919-39
- the crisis that led up to WW2,

Question 2

Paris Settlement:
a) Versailles
weaknesses of Versailles

Answer 2

a) 1919: Set by Winners to prevent further war and chaos only finished by 1923: Treaty of Laussanes
b) Treaty of Versailles: Blamed Germany and set stage for expensive reperations. Germany lost 10% pop 13% land, ordered to pay 2.5 trillion reperations
Weaknesses:
1) Versailled too harsh? loss of land and limited armies,
2) Left Germany still a power, Rhineland not seperated, remilitarised by Hitler in 1936, Germany could afford reparations.

Question 3

1) Locarno Pact
a) when/whom
b) 3 aims
c) Consequences:

Answer 3

a) 1925: France italy, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany
b)
1) Secure borders of Europe after WW1: Germany agreed border with France and in return France agreed peace
2) Ensure demilitarisation of the Rhineland
3) Start negotiations allowing Germany into League of Nations
consequences; strengthened Anglo-French relations, gave France confidence.

Question 4

Rise of aggression in 1930s

Answer 4

a) Manchuria 1931 (Japan)
b) Hitler rises to power 1933
c) Italy and Abyssinia 1935
d) Remilitarisation of the Rhineland 1936

Question 5

Orthodox interpretation of Appeasement?

Why do revisionists argue about appeasement

Answer 5

a) Chamberlain and his men guilty,
- underestimation of Nazism
- Versilled unjust,
- Commonwealth desire for peace
b) was only choice? Due to restriction on foreign and domestic policy, Given damage caused by WW1 and limited resources as well as spread of commonwealth, appeasement was best option.

Question 6

ECONOMIC crisis in 20 year period.
great depression
english response
french response

Answer 6

Economic: Great Depression: Caused by stock market crash in 1929, led to 1930s being period of instability and lack of work. US economy sustained world economy thus influenced other countries
English Response: set up multiparty gov to deal with crisis. lowered interest rates remained stable
French: Led to political instability: added to general crisis: High unemployment

Question 7

Economic Crisis in 20 year period:

• rise of fascism
• Italy
• Germany

Answer 7

Fascism: Ideals of single dictator leadership spread
- Mussolini utilised economic crisis founded fascist party in Europe. promised to rebuild economy and armed forces: used thug to suppress opposition
- Germany: Hitler Rose to power i 1933 during economic crisis. German economy collapsed people helpless looked to dictator to ‘save them’
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