Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Adam Smith

Answer 1

a Scottish economist philosopher and author as well as a pioneer of political economy

Question 2

Thomas Malthus

Answer 2

And English clerk and scholar influential in the fields of political economy and demography

Question 3

agricultural revolution

Answer 3

due to unprecedented increase agricultural production due to increases in labor and land productivity

Question 4

spinning jenny

Answer 4

A multi spindle spinning frame, one of the key development in the industrialization of a weaving

Question 5

cottage industry

Answer 5

It business or manufacturing activity carried on in a persons home

Question 6

entrepreneurs

Answer 6

People who organized and operate business taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so

Question 7

capitalism

Answer 7

An economic system and an ideology based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit

Question 8

lassiez-faire

Answer 8

And economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation privileges tariffs and subsidies

Question 9

free market

Answer 9

And idealist system in which the prices for goods and services are determined by the open market and consumers

Question 10

industrial revolution

Answer 10

The transition to new manufacturing processes

Question 11

industrialization

Answer 11

The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale

Question 12

factory system

Answer 12

Use of machinery with the division of labor reduced the required skill level of workers and also increase the output per worker

Question 13

flying shuttle

Answer 13

technology which allowed a weaver to pull a cord and a box flying back and forth and weave wider textiles at a faster rate

Question 14

standard of living

Answer 14

the amount of wealth and material things available to a person or community

Question 15

water frame

Answer 15

technology which harnessed water power to spin thread and produced stronger thread and increased yarn production

Question 16

power loom

Answer 16

machine which did all the work of a weaver’s feet and hands and allowed weaving to catch up with the increasing yarn production

Question 17

steam engine

Answer 17

technology which used coal and served as a power source for factories allowing them to spread across europe as the no longer needed to be located near rivers

Question 18

bessemer process

Answer 18

method that allowed for the purifying of iron and the production of steel

Question 19

interchangeable parts

Answer 19

identical components that could be used in place of one or another that simplified repair and production

Question 20

assembly line

Answer 20

system in which workers add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next

Question 21

railroads

Answer 21

new technology which harnessed the steam engine to transport people and products across europe

Question 22

urbanization

Answer 22

process by which a society goes from being mostly rural and agricultural to being more urban and having an economy that’s based on manufacturing and factories

Question 23

middle class

Answer 23

people in the middle class constructed factories, purchased machines, figured out where markets were, raised capital, organized the factory and its labor, and trained supervisors

Question 24

cult of domesticity

Answer 24

stereotype for how women in the new middle class were supposed to behave

Question 25

tenements

Answer 25

run down apartments that were built in cities

Question 26

robert owen

Answer 26

A Welsh textile manufacture philanthropic social reformer and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement

Question 27

joseph lister

Answer 27

A British surgeon and pioneer of anti-septic surgery who promoted the idea of sterile surgery

Question 28

louis pasteur

Answer 28

If French biologist microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination microbial fermentation and pasteurization

Question 29

charles darwin

Answer 29

And English naturalist geologist and biologist best known for his contributions to science of evolution

Question 30

karl marx

Answer 30

A German philosopher economist history and political theorist sociologist journalist and revolutionary socialist who studied political economy

Question 31

socialism

Answer 31

A range of economic and social systems characterized by social on a ship and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them

Question 32

labor unions

Answer 32

An organized association of workers often in a trade or profession formed to protect and further their rights and interests

Question 33

evolution

Answer 33

Change in the Heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations

Question 34

natural selection

Answer 34

The differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype also a key mechanism of evolution

Question 35

survival of the fittest

Answer 35

a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolution are you Siri as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection

Question 36

social darwinism

Answer 36

Various ways of thinking and theories that emerged in the second half of the 19th century and tried to apply the evolutionary concept of natural selection to human society

Question 37

communism

Answer 37

A political theory derive from Karl Marx advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

Question 38

communist manifesto

Answer 38

In 1848 political pamphlet by German philosopher Karl Marx

Question 39

bourgeoisie

Answer 39

The middle class of France and England in the 19th century

Question 40

proletariat

Answer 40

The class of wage earners in a capitalist society whose only possession of significant material value is their labor power

Question 41

romanticism

Answer 41

And artistic literary musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe tour the end of the 18th century