Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Adam Smith
a Scottish economist philosopher and author as well as a pioneer of political economy
Thomas Malthus
And English clerk and scholar influential in the fields of political economy and demography
agricultural revolution
due to unprecedented increase agricultural production due to increases in labor and land productivity
spinning jenny
A multi spindle spinning frame, one of the key development in the industrialization of a weaving
cottage industry
It business or manufacturing activity carried on in a persons home
entrepreneurs
People who organized and operate business taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so
capitalism
An economic system and an ideology based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit
lassiez-faire
And economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation privileges tariffs and subsidies
free market
And idealist system in which the prices for goods and services are determined by the open market and consumers
industrial revolution
The transition to new manufacturing processes
industrialization
The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale
factory system
Use of machinery with the division of labor reduced the required skill level of workers and also increase the output per worker
flying shuttle
technology which allowed a weaver to pull a cord and a box flying back and forth and weave wider textiles at a faster rate
standard of living
the amount of wealth and material things available to a person or community
water frame
technology which harnessed water power to spin thread and produced stronger thread and increased yarn production
power loom
machine which did all the work of a weaver’s feet and hands and allowed weaving to catch up with the increasing yarn production
steam engine
technology which used coal and served as a power source for factories allowing them to spread across europe as the no longer needed to be located near rivers
bessemer process
method that allowed for the purifying of iron and the production of steel
interchangeable parts
identical components that could be used in place of one or another that simplified repair and production
assembly line
system in which workers add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next
railroads
new technology which harnessed the steam engine to transport people and products across europe
urbanization
process by which a society goes from being mostly rural and agricultural to being more urban and having an economy that’s based on manufacturing and factories
middle class
people in the middle class constructed factories, purchased machines, figured out where markets were, raised capital, organized the factory and its labor, and trained supervisors
cult of domesticity
stereotype for how women in the new middle class were supposed to behave
tenements
run down apartments that were built in cities
robert owen
A Welsh textile manufacture philanthropic social reformer and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement
joseph lister
A British surgeon and pioneer of anti-septic surgery who promoted the idea of sterile surgery
louis pasteur
If French biologist microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination microbial fermentation and pasteurization
charles darwin
And English naturalist geologist and biologist best known for his contributions to science of evolution
karl marx
A German philosopher economist history and political theorist sociologist journalist and revolutionary socialist who studied political economy
socialism
A range of economic and social systems characterized by social on a ship and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them
labor unions
An organized association of workers often in a trade or profession formed to protect and further their rights and interests
evolution
Change in the Heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations
natural selection
The differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype also a key mechanism of evolution
survival of the fittest
a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolution are you Siri as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection
social darwinism
Various ways of thinking and theories that emerged in the second half of the 19th century and tried to apply the evolutionary concept of natural selection to human society
communism
A political theory derive from Karl Marx advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs
communist manifesto
In 1848 political pamphlet by German philosopher Karl Marx
bourgeoisie
The middle class of France and England in the 19th century
proletariat
The class of wage earners in a capitalist society whose only possession of significant material value is their labor power
romanticism
And artistic literary musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe tour the end of the 18th century
