Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Before the Industrial, Agricultural, and Scientific Revolutions:
- domestic System
- used handmade tools
- lived in cottages
- subsistence farming
- made own clothes
What is subsistence farming?
growing enough food on unused land for you and your family to survive
Agricultural revolution?
Western Europeans
- learned to domesticate animals
- reclaimed and renewed soil
- the quality and quantity of farm products improved
After the Industrial, Agricultural, and Scientific Revolutions:
- cities grew and people move in
- people work in factories
- population increase
- demand, and quantity of products and food increase
- cost of products and food decreases
Enclosure Movement?
wealthy land owners merge plots of land, or enclose land, leading many farm laborers and small farmers to lose work
Cause of population boom?
improved farming practices -> declining death rates and increasing birth rates
Steam engine and iron significance to the Industrial Revolution?
- steam engines used to power machines
- iron used to produce parts for steam engines
Why is Britain so advanced?
- location and a lot of coal and iron
- demand
- stable government
- euternepeurs
Domestic system? Why change?
business inside of home
couldn’t keep up with high demand and faster machines
What is the relationship between transportation and industrialization?
company owners need fast and cheap ways to transport and receive goods.
What countries industrialized after Britain?
- Germany
- America
- Japan
When women were drafted into factory workforce…
- had less pay
- worked long hours
- dangerous work
….. - demanded better pay
- laws passed that limit work hours
- women restricted from working in coal mines
Child labor…
- laws passed to improve lives of child workers
- children under 9 yo not allowed to work
- children under 13 yo cant work in mines
- work hours limited for all children (except agricultural jobs)
Coal mines…
- dangerous job
- only for men
Public education
- reduced work hours increased attendance
Urbanization…
- water sources improved
- police force
- laws passed to improved health and living conditions
what were the goals and strategies of unions?
- uniouns establsihed to address worker’ rights
- goals: increase pay, fewer hours, safer conditions
- strategies: strikes, boycotts, collective bargaining
due to successful unions…
- wages doubled
- laws passed minimum standards for safety and sanitation
First factories built to make…
- textiles (fabric)
Thomas Malthus believed…
(LIBERAL)
- poor people blame self
- carrying capacity
- laissez-faire
Karl Marx believed…
(COMMUNIST)
- wants all people to be equal
- no social classes
- everything owned by the government so wealth distribution is equal
Adam Smith believed…
(LIBERAL)
- choose your occupation
- laissez-faire
- people choosing occupations = quality and quantity increase
- you’re poor? that’s your fault
Robert Owen believed…
(UTOPIAN SOCIALIST)
- if you’re raised right, society would be a utopia
- a series of phalanxes (small communities where no one would be rich or poor)
John Stuart Mill believed…
(DEMOCRATIC LIBERAL)
- rejected laissez-faire
- labor unions and worker rights
- government intervention but only for common good
