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Global > Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Industrial Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

what was the industrial revolution?

A

The industrial revolution was a period, in which the means of production of goods shifted from hand tools to complex machines and from human and animal power to steam power. It also introduced mass production and the use of new sources of power to meet human needs.

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2
Q

where did the revolution begin?

A

in great britain

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3
Q

factors explaining why the revolution first occurred in GB (great britain)

A

-geographical advantages
-large colonial empire
-transportation and communications
-agricultural rev.

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4
Q

effects of the industrial revolution

A

-shifted production from making goods by hand at home to mass production in factories
-applied new sources of power like steam to manufacture textiles, ships, and railways
-increased urbanization
-rise of capitalists and working class as important new groups in society

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5
Q

domestic system

A

products made at home, one at a time, individual craftsman of 10 different parts by 10 different people (old way)

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6
Q

factory system

A

industrialization, goods made by machine, outside home, all goods made in one place start to finish (new way)

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7
Q

what were machines first powered by?

A

steam then water

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8
Q

mass production

A

production of large quantities of identical goods

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9
Q

interchangeable parts

A

parts are all made alike so that they can be exchanged for one another

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10
Q

division of labor

A

workers specialized in only one task-speed up production-allowed for unskilled workers

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11
Q

assembly line

A

product moves along a conveyor belt bringing it to workers

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12
Q

what two important British inventions helped trigger the industrial revolution?

A

the spinning jenny and the steam engine

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13
Q

the spinning jenny (1764)

A

it spun several threads at once, allowing large quantities of thread to be made quickly and inexpensively

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14
Q

steam engine (1769)

A

it made steam power available for mechanical purposes

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15
Q

what did the steam engine lead to?

A

the construction of large factories, the invention of the steamboat, and the development of railroad trains

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16
Q

laissez faire economics

A

-the theory that business should operate with little or no government interference
-this theory emerged during the enlightenment

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17
Q

wealth of nations

A

a book written by Adam Smith that promoted laissez-faire ideas

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18
Q

what did smith believe?

A

that a free market - the unregulated exchange of goods and services- would eventually help everyone, not just the rich

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19
Q

mercantilism

A

exporting more goods than the nation imported

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20
Q

entrepreneurs

A

people who provided work places with raw materials, mechanical energy, and machinery

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21
Q

A new middle class of capitalist emerged. What kind of people was this class composed of?

A

merchants, factory owners, and bankers

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22
Q

founder of capitalism

A

1776 Adam Smith “Wealth of Nations”

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23
Q

basic principles of capitalism

A

*Laissez-Faire Capitalism
*Private Ownership (Entrepreneur) Individuals supply the capital to start and own a business
*Invisible Hand
*Profit Motive
*Free Competition
*owners and workers

24
Q

capitalism

A

an economic system developed during the industrial revolution by Adam Smith in 1776

25
Q

communism

A

an economic system developed during the industrial revolution by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848

26
Q

founder of communism

A

1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels “The Communist Manifesto”

27
Q

basic principles of communism

A

-economic determinism
-all through history
-communist revolution
-dictatorship of the proletariat
-EVERYONE OWNS EVERYTHING
-ideal communism

28
Q

economic determinism

A

all history has been determined by economic conditions

29
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

(haves) owners who control means of production (what to make, how to make, what price to charge)

29
Q

all through history

A

Class struggles between rich and poor. In the new industrialized world the two groups are Bourgeoisie and Proletariat

30
Q

Proletariat

A

-(have nots) workers
-EXPLOITATION OF WORKER-RICH LIVE OFF THE LABOR OF THE POOR

31
Q

communist revolution

A

conditions will get so bad that the Proletariat (workers) will violently revolt against the owners (overthrow capitalism)

32
Q

dictatorship of the proletariat

A

workers get economic and political control (own all means of production)

33
Q

EVERYONE OWNS EVERYTHING

A

-only way to correct problems of capitalism
-all things owned by the entire society (wealth and power would be equally shared, classless society)

34
Q

ideal communism

A

-all people are equal
-no need for government, it will vanish away

35
Q

laissez-faire capitalism

A

non government involvement in the economy

36
Q

means of production

A

what to make, how to make, what price to charge

37
Q

invisible hand

A

-law of supply and demand
-market and consumer demand, guide the economy

38
Q

profit motive

A

self interest

39
Q

free competition

A

works for the benefit of consumers

40
Q

problems caused by the industrial revolution

A

-pollution
-kids deaths increased
-very unsafe workplace

41
Q

british reform bill of 1832

A

-gave new voting rights to middle class
-increase representation in Parliament
-by the end of 1800’s all working class had voting rights

42
Q

political reforms

A

british reform bill of 1832

43
Q

social reforms

A

unions (collective bargaining and strike), factories regulations act of 1833, mines act of 1842, 10 hours of work act

44
Q

unions

A

ability of workers to band together to fight for better conditions-threatened to strike, collective bargaining, etc.

45
Q

collective bargaining

A

negotiations between workers and employers (exs: OPTA, SAGA, Writer’s Guild)

46
Q

strike

A

*refuse to work-picket peacefully
*combination acts

47
Q

factories regulations act of 1833

A

the act prohibited children under 9 years old from being employed in textile mills and limited the working hours of children under 18

48
Q

mines act of 1842

A

prevented children and women from working in mines

49
Q

10 hours of work act

A

limit women and children to 10 hours of work per day

50
Q

socialism

A

-an economic system that concentrated less on the interests and rights of individuals and more on the interests of society
-industrial capitalism, the socialists claimed, had created a large gap between rich and poor

51
Q

positive effects of the industrial revolution

A

*mass production of goods-lower prices
*new inventions-easier, time savers
*growth of transportation-cheaper, faster, safer-improved roads, railroads, etc.
*increase in jobs
*increased social mobility-greater chance of improving status
*growth of middle class
*increase the role of women in the workforce
*increase in education

52
Q

negative effects of the industrial revolution

A

-very poor working conditions before reforms
-pollution-use of coal-dirty
-imperialism

53
Q

very poor working conditions before reforms

A

-factories unsafe
-long days (14-18 hours)
-no medical insurance, workers comp., etc.
-child labor-beating, most dangerous jobs
-urbanization-growth of cities-poor conditions-slums, crowded, dirty, disease, etc.

54
Q

imperialism

A

strong industrial nations begin to take over and control weaker areas of the world for raw materials and markets-nations compete for control-conflict

Global (5 decks)

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