Industrial Processes Flashcards
most common way of producing alumina, the oxide of aluminum
Bayer Process
process involves refining (removing impurities from) bauxite, an ore of aluminum, by soaking the bauxite in sodium hydroxide. this refined bauxite becomes alumnia, which is later smelted into aluminum
bayer process
process typically involves four stages: digestion, clarification, precipitation, and calcination
bayer process
process made in 1887 by Karl name
bayer process
became the first worldwide way of mass-producing steel, and allow of iron
Bessemer process
involves highly compressed, hot air being blown through molten iron, after which the oxygen in the air reacts with the impurities (which can include sulfur and manganese) in the molten iron. this causes impurities to burn out of the now purified metal
Bessemer process
air flows through small holes called tuyeres
Bessemer process
created in 1855 and 1857 by Henry name and William Kelly
Bessemer process
this process is the industrial process used to produce sulfuric acid. it replaced the now defunct lead-chamber process
contact process
in the past, the catalyst used in the process was platinum, but after it was discovered that platinum could lead to poisoning, a transition was made to a vanadium oxide catalyst
contact process
other products of the process include sulfur trioxide and oleum
contact process
created by peregrine Philips in 1831
contact process
as its name suggests, the process involves making use of an electric current to decompose a chemical, whose parts form at both the anode and the cahode
electrolysis
one of the most common applications of it is on water; that process breaks down water into oxygen and hydrogen gas
electrolysis
british chemist Sir Humphrey Davy made use of it to discover barium, calcium, potassium, and sodium
electrolysis
industrial process that carries out nitrogen fixation via the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen. used to produce ammonia
Haber-Bosch Process
the ammonia is produced form the one nitrogen atom and the three hydrogen atoms by means of an iron catalyst
Haber-Bosch Process
one of the most common uses of the this process is the production of fertilizer
Haber-Bosch Process
process invented in 1909 by Fritz name
Haber-Bosch Process
the most common way of producing aluminum, unlike the Bayer process which produces alumina. it follows the bayer process in the steps to produce aluminum
hall- heroult process
a typical procedure in this process is the use of a cryolite bath, in which alumina is dissolved. afterwards, an electric current is sent through the mixture of cryolite and alumina
hall-heroult process
process made in 1886 by Charles Martin name and Paul name
hall-heroult process
industrial process that is currently used to produce metallic titanium. it replaced the now defunct hunter process
kroll process
titanium is produced from reducing titanium tetrachloride by using magnesium. the process makes use of fractional distillation to separate different substances
kroll process
made in 1940 by will j. name
kroll process
most common process to make nitric acid. it replaced the now defunct birdeland-eye arc process
Ostwald process
oxidizes the ammonia produced from the haber process by using a catalyst that contains the element rhodium
Ostwald process
aqua regia can be formed by using the Ostwald process because the aqua regia is comprised of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid
Ostwald process
created in 1902 by William name
ostwald
process that is used to purify silicon by reacting it with hydrochloric acid
siemens process
reaction between the HCL and the silicon creates trichlorosilane; at high temperatures the trichlorosilane melts and yields silicon rods, which are in a purer form than the silicon the process started with
siemens process
