Industrial Processes

Question 1

Process wherein hydrogen chloride is passed into a blast furnace and burnt with air (for oxygen) to produce chlorine gas and heat. The reaction involves the use of catalyst CuCl2.

Answer 1

Deacon process

Question 2

Process to produce acrylonitrile (a polymer for plastic production like polyacrylonitrile) from catalytic ammoxidation of propylene

Answer 2

SOHIO process

Question 3

Describes the catalyzed reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen, an important step in the industrial production of hydrogen

Answer 3

Water-gas shift reaction

Question 4

Process of removing wax using two solvents (methyl ethyl ketone and propane) from base oil feedstocks before further processing into lubricants.

Answer 4

Dewaxing

Question 5

Chemical process in which the rubber is heated with sulphur, accelerator and activator at 140–160°C

Answer 5

Vulcanization

Question 6

Conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibers, the main component of paper

Answer 6

Kraft process or
Sulfate process

Question 7

Produces wood pulp that is almost pure cellulose fibers by treating wood chips with solutions of sulfite and bisulfite ions. In the process, sulfur dioxide is added to mildly acidic digestion liquor to yield hydrogen sulfite ions.

Answer 7

Sulfite process

Question 8

Difference between sulfate (Kraft) process and sulfite process in terms of operating temperature and pressure

Answer 8

Both temperature and pressure in sulfate process is higher than that of the sulfite process

Question 9

Processes which remove or reduce the hardness of water.

Answer 9

Softening

Question 10

Decomposition of a solid by heating it in a closed container (absence of oxygen) and collecting the volatile constituents given off.

Answer 10

Destructive distillation (pyrolysis)

Question 11

An industrial process for the production of sulfuric acid that is based on the oxidation of sulfur to sulfur trioxide on a vanadium oxide catalyst, followed by reaction with water in fuming sulfuric acid.

Answer 11

Contact process

Question 12

Early industrial process for making soda ash used throughout the 19th century by making sodium sulfate from sodium chloride, followed by reacting the sodium sulfate with coal and calcium carbonate to make sodium carbonate.

Answer 12

LeBlanc process

Question 13

Early industrial method of producing sulfuric acid by oxidizing sulfur dioxide with moist air in gaseous nitrogen oxides as catalysts.

Answer 13

Lead chamber process

Question 14

Industrial means of hydrometallurgical extraction refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminum oxide)

Answer 14

Bayer process

Question 15

Production of aluminum through electrolysis of a solution of bauxite in molten cryolite

Answer 15

Hall-Heroult process

Question 16

Present process for the manufacture of soda ash (sodium carbonate)

Answer 16

Solvay process

Question 17

Commercial production of ammonia.

Answer 17

Haber process

Question 18

Process in which sulfide ores are heated in a furnace below their melting point in presence of air, converting the ore, as well as the impurities, into oxides.

Answer 18

Roasting

Question 19

Process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. It happens as part of a manufacturing process used with metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials.

Answer 19

Sintering or frittage

Question 20

A form of extractive metallurgy to produce a metal from its ore by application of heat.

Answer 20

Smelting

Question 21

Heat treatment process that changes the physical and sometimes the chemical properties of a material to increase ductility and reduce the hardness to make it more workable. This process requires the material above its recrystallization temperature for a set amount of time before cooling.

Answer 21

Annealing

Question 22

Industrial process for making hydrazine from ammonia and hypochlorite ion in aqueous solution.

Answer 22

Raschig process

Question 23

Electrochemical method for the commercial preparation of metallic magnesium, in which molten MgCl2 is electrolyzed in a special apparatus.

Answer 23

Down’s process

Question 24

Process of grinding an insoluble substance to a fine powder, while wet.

Answer 24

Levigation