Industrial Processes Flashcards
Process wherein hydrogen chloride is passed into a blast furnace and burnt with air (for oxygen) to produce chlorine gas and heat. The reaction involves the use of catalyst CuCl2.
Deacon process
Process to produce acrylonitrile (a polymer for plastic production like polyacrylonitrile) from catalytic ammoxidation of propylene
SOHIO process
Describes the catalyzed reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen, an important step in the industrial production of hydrogen
Water-gas shift reaction
Process of removing wax using two solvents (methyl ethyl ketone and propane) from base oil feedstocks before further processing into lubricants.
Dewaxing
Chemical process in which the rubber is heated with sulphur, accelerator and activator at 140–160°C
Vulcanization
Conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibers, the main component of paper
Kraft process or
Sulfate process
Produces wood pulp that is almost pure cellulose fibers by treating wood chips with solutions of sulfite and bisulfite ions. In the process, sulfur dioxide is added to mildly acidic digestion liquor to yield hydrogen sulfite ions.
Sulfite process
Difference between sulfate (Kraft) process and sulfite process in terms of operating temperature and pressure
Both temperature and pressure in sulfate process is higher than that of the sulfite process
Processes which remove or reduce the hardness of water.
Softening
Decomposition of a solid by heating it in a closed container (absence of oxygen) and collecting the volatile constituents given off.
Destructive distillation (pyrolysis)
An industrial process for the production of sulfuric acid that is based on the oxidation of sulfur to sulfur trioxide on a vanadium oxide catalyst, followed by reaction with water in fuming sulfuric acid.
Contact process
Early industrial process for making soda ash used throughout the 19th century by making sodium sulfate from sodium chloride, followed by reacting the sodium sulfate with coal and calcium carbonate to make sodium carbonate.
LeBlanc process
Early industrial method of producing sulfuric acid by oxidizing sulfur dioxide with moist air in gaseous nitrogen oxides as catalysts.
Lead chamber process
Industrial means of hydrometallurgical extraction refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminum oxide)
Bayer process
Production of aluminum through electrolysis of a solution of bauxite in molten cryolite
Hall-Heroult process
Present process for the manufacture of soda ash (sodium carbonate)
Solvay process
Commercial production of ammonia.
Haber process
Process in which sulfide ores are heated in a furnace below their melting point in presence of air, converting the ore, as well as the impurities, into oxides.
Roasting
Process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. It happens as part of a manufacturing process used with metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials.
Sintering or frittage
A form of extractive metallurgy to produce a metal from its ore by application of heat.
Smelting
Heat treatment process that changes the physical and sometimes the chemical properties of a material to increase ductility and reduce the hardness to make it more workable. This process requires the material above its recrystallization temperature for a set amount of time before cooling.
Annealing
Industrial process for making hydrazine from ammonia and hypochlorite ion in aqueous solution.
Raschig process
Electrochemical method for the commercial preparation of metallic magnesium, in which molten MgCl2 is electrolyzed in a special apparatus.
Down’s process
Process of grinding an insoluble substance to a fine powder, while wet.
Levigation
