General Information Flashcards
Compounds used as the basis of measuring the NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) content of fertilizers.
Nitrogen
Dipotassium pentoxide
Potassium oxide
A class of synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in which the liquid component for the gel has been replaced with a gas (99.8% air), without significant collapse of the gel structure. It has extremely low density and extremely low thermal conductivity - considered as the world’s lightest solid
Aerogel
Naturally occurring pesticide found in seed from the neem tree. Its most active ingredient is azadirachtin, which reduces insect feeding and acts as a repellant.
Neem oil
Carbonate, or temporary hardness, is caused by bicarbonates of
Ca & Mg
It is a linear polymer which may be reversibly softened by heat (curing) and solidified by cooling.
Thermoplastics
They are different from thermosets that can retain their form and stay solid under heat once cured.
Examples of thermosoftening (soften when heated) and thermosetting polymers (retains its shape when heated).
Thermosoftening polymers: polyethene, polypropene, PVC, polystyrene, PTFE
Thermosetting polymer: rubber
Used primarily in operations requiring high temperature, such as welding and metal cutting
Acetylene
(It produces flame temperature along with oxygen that makes it a suitable has choice for welding steel)
Most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust
Aluminum
Salt is address in the kettle during soap manufacture to separate ______
Soap from lye
Function of chloramines in water treatment
Disinfection and control of taste and odor
Compound employed extensively in the leather industry as a depilatory, a process used to remove hair from skin.
Sodium sulfide
Crushed glass from imperfect articles, trim, and other waste glass
Cullet
Removed from water when lime and soda ash are added
Bicarbonates and sulfates of calcium and magnesium
Mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced from the reaction of water and carbon (coke) that is used as a starting point in the synthesis of methanol and other organic chemicals.
Synthesis gas (Syngas)
By-product of the destructive distillation or pyrolysis of coal which is a mixture of many chemical compounds, mostly aromatics, which vary widely in composition.
Coal tar
Produced by the decay of vegetable matter and was early identified as combustible swamp gas.
Methane
Reason why Styrofoam is a good insulating product
It contains many pockets of air
Used as disinfectant and deodorant in dairies, creameries, water supplies, sewage disposal, and for household purposes.
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
Compounds added to the glass to give it the white opaque appearance so characteristics of vitreous enamels.
Opacifier
Oleum is a corrosive solution of what solute and solvent?
Solute: sulfur trioxide
Solvent: Sulfuric acid
Commonly called niter cake
Sodium bisulfate
Source of magnesium
Seawater
Rectified spirit is a highly concentrated ethanol that has been purified by means of repeated distillation in a process called rectification. What is its concentration?
95.6%
Alloying element added in stainless steel to impart corrosion resistance
Chromium
An alkali metal hydroxide traditionally obtained by leaching wood ashes, or a strong alkali which is highly soluble in water producing caustic basic solution and used especially in making soap and washing
Lye
Two chemical parameters that determines the suitability of triglycerol for soap product saponification.
- Iodine number - shows the presence of double links or degree of insaturation of the carbonic chain; soap made from high iodine number fat is soft
- Saponification number - quantity of KOH (mg) needed to transform 1 g of it into soap; high saponification number —> easier transformation of fat into soap
A spherical cluster of molecules whose hydrocarbon tails (hydrophobic) are in the interior and whose ionic groups (hydrophilic) are exposed to water on the outside
Micelle
Usually soft soaps (made from coconut oil) in which cane sugar and alcohol are added and finally washed with methylate spirit to achieve transparency
Transparent soaps (e.g., Pears)
It is vetrified translucent ware with a hard glaze which resists abrasion to the maximum degree.
Porcelain
A fuel gas that is manufactured by blowing a coke or coal with air and steam simultaneously. It is a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
Producer gas
A pure finely divided calcium carbonate prepared by wet grinding and levigating natural chalk
Whiting
Soft potassium soaps (potassium salt of faith acid) with free stearic acid to give lather a lasting property.
Shaving sopas
An acidic, corrosive, and oxidative mixture of three parts (75%) concentrated HCl and one part (25%) concentrated HNO3.
Aqua regia
Lanolin (i.e., wool yolk, wax, or grease) is widely used in cosmetics. It is derived from _______.
Sheep’s wool
One of the toughest forms of natural diamond also known as black diamond.
Carbonado
A type of electric furnace where heat is produced by an electric arc between the electrodes and the furnace charge, or between two or more electrodes, which are usually a graphite or carbon and may or may not be consumed in the operation, or between the electrodes and the furnace charge.
Arc furnace
