Industrial microbiology and fermentation

Question 1

Bacteria is used in:

Answer 1

1- Dairy products
2- bio-fertilizers
3-insulin production

Question 2

Fungai is used in:

Answer 2

1-Mushroom
2- Yeast production
3-penicillin
4-truffle products

Question 3

Algae is used in:

Answer 3

1- Fertilizers
2-bioplastics
3-cosmatics
4- Vitamins and food
5- biofuel

Question 4

Virus is used in:

Answer 4

1- Vaccine production
2- Drug delivery

Question 5

fermentation?

Answer 5

“It’s a metabolic process in which carbohydrates are being oxidized to release energy under anaerobic conditions”.

Question 6

Define Fermented foods

Answer 6

Foods or beverages produced through controlled microbial growth, and the conversion of food components through enzymatic action

Question 7

Define Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 7

a metabolic process by which carbohydrates (sugar) are converted lactic acid occurs in some bacteria, typically lactic acid bacteria.

Question 8

Baker’s yeast properties:

Answer 8

Ability to grow rapidly at room temperature of about 20-25°C.

B) Ability to produce large amounts of CO2 in flour dough, rather than alcohol.

C) Good keeping quality, i.e., ability to resist autolysis when stored at 20°C.

D) Ability to adapt rapidly to changing substrates.

E) Ability to resist the osmotic effect of salts and sugars in the dough.

F) High yielding in terms of dry weight per unit of substrate used.

Question 9

Function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae:

Answer 9

-It produces large amounts of CO2 in flour dough, which is essential to the rise of bread, in addition it produces alcohol that evaporates as the bread bakes.
-It provides the bread with flavor, aroma, and adds to the nutritional value of the loaf

Question 10

Compost

Answer 10

It’s a mixture that consists largely of decayed organic matter and is used for fertilizing and improving the soil quality

Question 11

How Penicillin works

Answer 11

-The β-lactam binds to Penicillin Binding Protein (PBP).
-PBP is unable to crosslink peptidoglycan chains.
-The bacteria is unable to synthesize a stable cell wall.
-The bacteria are therefore being lysed Because of the difference in pressure between the inside of the bacterium and the surrounding fluid.

Question 12

Mesophilic organic acid producing bacteria:

Answer 12

Lactobacillus spp. and Acetobacter spp., and fungi such as Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Fusarium

Question 13

“Mesophilic phase” (10–42 °C) in composting process:

Answer 13

The temperature rapidly rises and initiates organic matter decomposition.

Question 14

“Thermophilic phase” (45–70 °C) n composting process:

Answer 14

Prolonged high temperatures due to the extensive metabolic activities undertaken by endogenous microorganisms.

Question 15

“Cooling phase” (50–23 °C) in composting process:

Answer 15

The organic matter and biological heat production stabilize.