Industrial Medicine Flashcards
In what year did Jenner develop the small pox vaccine?
1796
What method of preventing disease did vaccination improve upon?
Inoculation
What disease did Jenner inject James Phipps with to prevent him from getting small pox?
Cow pox
How many more experiments did Jenner carry out after testing on James Phipps?
23
Give 2 reasons for why Jenner faced opposition
Doctors made money from inoculation, doctors got his methods wrong so didn’t get the same results, people were scared they’d turn into cows
In what year did the British government make the vaccination compulsory?
1852
Which theory did the Germ Theory prove wrong in 1861?
Spontaneous generation, miasma
What job did Pasteur do and in which country?
Chemist - France
In what year did Koch prove that specific germs cause specific diseases?
1875
Name 3 germs that Koch discovered
Anthrax, TB, cholera
Name 3 vaccines that Pasteur developed
Chicken cholera, anthrax, rabies
In what year did Nightingale go out to the Crimea?
1854
What changes did Nightingale make to the wards in the Crimea?
Well ventilated, clean sheets, well fed, clean water, beds spaced far apart
What were the names of Nightingale’s 2 books that turned nursing into a profession?
Notes on Hospitals
Notes on Nursing
By 1901 there were 68,000 trained nurses and in 1850 there had been none. True or false?
True
What attitude did the government have during the industrial period?
Laíssez-faire = sit back do nothing
In what year did cholera hit England?
1831
Who wrote the report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population?
Chadwick
When was the first Public Health Act and what was wrong with it?
1848 - everything was advised not enforced
What did the first Public Health Act recommend?
It was advised that you could have school nurses, local health ministers, collect tax: only in areas of high death rate
Who discovered what was causing cholera in Broad Street and in what year?
John Snow - 1854
Who built London’s sewer system?
Bazalgette
When was the Great Stink?
1858
In what year were some working class men given the right to vote?
1867
When was the second Public Health Act passed and why was it different to the first?
1875 - all the advisory points were made compulsory
